{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T16:58:16Z","timestamp":1791478696265,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":72,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1595980800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although pediatric cancer mortality and survival have improved in the United States over the past 40 years, differences exist by age, race\/ethnicity, cancer site, and economic status. To assess progress, this study examined recent mortality and survival data for individuals younger than 20 years.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Age\u2010adjusted death rates were calculated with the National Vital Statistics System for 2002\u20102016. Annual percent changes (APCs) and average annual percent changes (AAPCs) were calculated with joinpoint regression. Five\u2010year relative survival was calculated on the basis of National Program of Cancer Registries data for 2001\u20102015. Death rates and survival were estimated overall and by sex, 5\u2010year age group, race\/ethnicity, cancer type, and county\u2010based economic markers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Death rates decreased during 2002\u20102016 (AAPC, \u20131.5), with steeper declines during 2002\u20102009 (APC, \u20132.6), and then plateaued (APC, \u20130.4). Leukemia and brain cancer were the most common causes of death from pediatric cancer, and brain cancer surpassed leukemia in 2011. Death rates decreased for leukemia and lymphoma but were unchanged for brain, bone, and soft\u2010tissue cancers. From 2001\u20102007 to 2008\u20102015, survival improved from 82.0% to 85.1%. Survival was highest in both periods among females, those aged 15 to 19 years, non\u2010Hispanic Whites, and those in counties in the top 25% by economic status. Survival improved for leukemias, lymphomas, and brain cancers but plateaued for bone and soft\u2010tissue cancers.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although overall death rates have decreased and survival has increased, differences persist by sex, age, race\/ethnicity, cancer type, and economic status. Improvements in pediatric cancer outcomes may depend on improving therapies, access to care, and supportive and long\u2010term care.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33080","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]],"date-time":"2020-07-29T03:01:41Z","timestamp":1595991701000},"page":"4379-4389","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":173,"title":["Pediatric cancer mortality and survival in the United States, 2001\u20102016"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1394-0782","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"David A.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lisa C.","family":"Richardson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2420-306X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Jane","family":"Henley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3252-9625","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reda J.","family":"Wilson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nicole F.","family":"Dowling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6568-9708","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hannah K.","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric W.","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8442-5422","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Natasha","family":"Buchanan Lunsford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta Georgia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1804754"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21219"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsa060185"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"1257","article-title":"Trends in childhood cancer mortality\u2014United States, 1990\u20102004","volume":"56","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","year":"2007","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28748"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.27.0421"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21585"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.27501"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25544"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.29.6103"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","unstructured":"Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) Program. 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