{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T16:58:36Z","timestamp":1789577916386,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":66,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1606953600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["K22CA216008"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["K22CA216008"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Texas\/Chihuahua (US\/Mexico) border is a medically underserved region with many reported barriers for health care access. Although Hispanic ethnicity is associated with health disparities for many different diseases, the population\u2010based estimates of incidence and survival for patients with blood cancer along the border are unknown. The authors hypothesized that Hispanic ethnicity and border proximity is associated with poor blood cancer outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the Texas Cancer Registry (1995\u20102016) were used to investigate the primary exposures of patient ethnicity (Hispanic vs non\u2010Hispanic) and geographic location (border vs non\u2010border). Other confounders and covariates included sex, age, year of diagnosis, rurality, insurance status, poverty indicators, and comorbidities. The Mantel\u2010Haenszel method and Cox regression analyses were used to determine adjusted effects of ethnicity and border proximity on the relative risk (RR) and survival of patients with different blood cancer types.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hispanic patients were diagnosed at a younger age than non\u2010Hispanic patients and presented with increased comorbidities. Whereas non\u2010Hispanics had a higher incidence of developing blood cancer compared with Hispanics overall, Hispanics demonstrated a higher incidence of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (RR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.79\u20102.08; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001) with worse outcomes. Hispanics from the Texas\/Chihuahua border demonstrated a higher incidence of chronic myeloid leukemia (RR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.07\u20101.51; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .02) and acute myeloid leukemia (RR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.04\u20101.33; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = .0009) compared with Hispanics living elsewhere in Texas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Hispanic ethnicity and border proximity were associated with a poor presentation and an adverse prognosis despite the younger age of diagnosis. Future studies should explore differences in disease biology and treatment strategies that could drive these regional disparities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]],"date-time":"2020-12-03T13:56:16Z","timestamp":1607003776000},"page":"1068-1079","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["Ethnic and border differences on blood cancer presentation and outcomes: A Texas population\u2010based study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Alfonso E.","family":"Bencomo\u2010Alvarez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Emphasis in Cancer Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mayra A.","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Emphasis in Cancer Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres J.","family":"Rubio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Emphasis in Cancer Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Idaly M.","family":"Olivas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joshua J.","family":"Lara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Osvaldo","family":"Padilla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Paul L. Foster School of Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attilio","family":"Orazi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Paul L. Foster School of Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Javier","family":"Corral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Paul L. Foster School of Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Philipovskiy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Paul L. Foster School of Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sumit","family":"Gaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Paul L. Foster School of Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zuber D.","family":"Mulla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Paul L. Foster School of Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso Texas"},{"name":"Office of Faculty Development Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alok K.","family":"Dwivedi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6533-9150","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anna M.","family":"Eiring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Emphasis in Cancer Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso Texas"},{"name":"Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso El Paso Texas"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Cancer Facts & Figures for Hispanics\/Latinos 2018\u20102020","author":"American Cancer Society","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","volume-title":"Cancer Facts & Figures 2020","author":"American Cancer Society","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-18-0471"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1524839919893309"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2017-04-778225"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2019.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2017007013"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-19081-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.leukres.2018.12.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","first-page":"169","article-title":"Improving outcomes of acute promyelocytic leukemia in the current era: analysis of the SEER database","volume":"18","author":"Guru Murthy GS","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Natl Compr Canc Netw"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-07-726588"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2018.08.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41576-019-0144-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159-8290.CD-17-1415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","volume-title":"Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010. 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