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Occupational history and other covariates were self\u2010reported using a questionnaire. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the risk of NPC associated with occupational exposures. Restricted cubic splines were used to evaluate potentially nonlinear duration\u2010response relations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individuals who had exposure to occupational dusts (OR, 1.45; 95% CI, 1.26\u20101.68), chemical vapors (OR, 1.37; 95% CI, 1.17\u20101.61), exhausts\/smokes (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.25\u20101.60), or acids\/alkalis (OR, 1.56; 95% CI, 1.30\u20101.89) in the workplace had an increased NPC risk compared with those who were unexposed. Risk estimates for all 4 categories of occupational exposures appeared to linearly increase with increasing duration. Within these categories, occupational exposure to 14 subtypes of agents conferred significantly higher risks of NPC, with ORs ranging from 1.30 to 2.29, including dust from metals, textiles, cement, or coal; vapor from formaldehyde, organic solvents, or dyes; exhaust or smoke from diesel, firewood, asphalt\/tar, vehicles, or welding; and sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, and concentrated alkali\/ammonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Occupational exposures to dusts, chemical vapors, exhausts\/smokes, or acids\/alkalis are associated with an excess risk of NPC. If the current results are causal, then the amelioration of workplace conditions might alleviate the burden of NPC in endemic areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>LAY SUMMARY<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The role of occupational exposures in the development of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear, particularly in high\u2010incidence areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>The authors conducted a population\u2010based study with 2514 incident NPC cases and 2586 population controls in southern China and observed that occupational exposures were associated with an increased risk of NPC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>Duration\u2010response trends were observed with increasing duration of exposure.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>These findings provide new evidence supporting an etiologic role of occupational exposures for NPC in a high\u2010incidence region.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33536","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,6]],"date-time":"2021-04-06T14:49:21Z","timestamp":1617720561000},"page":"2724-2735","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":29,"title":["Occupational exposures and risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in a high\u2010risk area: A population\u2010based case\u2010control study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Yufeng","family":"Chen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellen T.","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Exponent, Inc., Center for Health Sciences Menlo Park California United 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