{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,15]],"date-time":"2026-04-15T00:27:09Z","timestamp":1776212829042,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"21","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,8]],"date-time":"2022-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1657238400000},"content-version":"am","delay-in-days":365,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#am"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1625702400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000005","name":"U.S. Department of Defense","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["W81XWH1710576"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["W81XWH1710576"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000005","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The objective of this study was to describe bladder cancer outcomes as a function of race among patients with high\u2010risk non\u2013muscle\u2010invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) in an equal\u2010access setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 412 patients with high\u2010risk NMIBC who received bacille Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin (BCG) from January 1, 2010, to December 31, 2015, were assessed. The authors used the Kaplan\u2010Meier method to estimate event\u2010free survival and Cox regression to determine the association between race and recurrence, progression, disease\u2010specific, and overall survival outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 372 patients who had complete data were included in the analysis; 48 (13%) and 324 (87%) were Black and White, respectively. There was no difference in age, sex, smoking status, or Charlson Comorbidity Index by race. White patients had a higher socioeconomic status with a greater percentage of patients living above the poverty level in comparison with Black patients (median, 85% vs 77%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .001). A total of 360 patients (97%) received adequate induction BCG, and 145 patients (39%) received adequate maintenance BCG therapy. There was no significant difference in rates of adequate induction or maintenance BCG therapy according to race. There was no significant difference in recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 1.53; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.64\u20103.63), progression (HR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.33\u20101.82), bladder cancer\u2013specific survival (HR, 1.01; 95% CI, 0.30\u20103.46), or overall survival (HR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.56\u20101.66) according to Black race versus White race.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this small study from an equal\u2010access setting, there was no difference in the receipt of BCG or any differences in bladder cancer outcomes according to race.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33792","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,7,8]],"date-time":"2021-07-08T13:56:32Z","timestamp":1625752592000},"page":"3998-4005","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["The impact of the social construct of race on outcomes among bacille Calmette\u2010Gu\u00e9rin\u2010treated patients with high\u2010risk non\u2010muscle\u2013invasive bladder cancer in an equal\u2010access setting"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"127","author":[{"given":"Corinne","family":"Lawler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lin","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System Durham North Carolina"},{"name":"Biostatistics Shared Resource Duke Cancer Institute Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lauren E.","family":"Howard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System Durham North Carolina"},{"name":"Biostatistics Shared Resource Duke Cancer Institute Durham North 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North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7392-8916","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zachary","family":"Klaassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Section of Urology Department of Surgery Augusta University\u2013Medical College of Georgia Augusta Georgia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amanda M.","family":"De Hoedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeffrey R.","family":"Gingrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Surgery Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System Durham North Carolina"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dan","family":"Theodorescu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute, 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