{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T17:54:28Z","timestamp":1787766868083,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1644278400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32CA163184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32CA163184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Brain tumors are the leading cause of death from disease in children. Racial\/ethnic minority children have poorer outcomes than White children; however, it is not clear whether this association is mediated by treatment received.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Children (aged 0\u201019 years) diagnosed with brain tumors in the National Cancer Database (2004\u20102016) were identified. Cox proportional hazards models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) between race\/ethnicity (Black, Hispanic, Asian\/Pacific Islander, American Indian\/Alaska Native, or White [reference]) and death. An inverse odds weighted mediation analysis was performed with treatment received as the mediator.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Among 22,469 cases, White children (69% of the sample) had significantly better overall 12.5\u2010year survival (\n                      <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                      &lt; .01). Black children (13% of the sample) and Hispanic children (14% of the sample) had an increased risk of death overall and for glioblastoma and oligodendroglioma. Compared with Whites, Asian\/Pacific Islander children had a higher risk of death from choroid plexus tumors and a lower risk of death from medulloblastoma. There were no statistically significant meditating effects by treatment received, although the estimate was borderline in Hispanic children (indirect HR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.99\u20101.18). A treatment\u2010independent association between race\/ethnicity and death remained for Hispanic children (direct HR, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.04\u20101.33) and Black children (direct HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13\u20101.45). If deaths in minorities had equaled those in White children, 5% fewer total deaths and 15% fewer minority deaths would have occurred.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Survival disparities exist in pediatric brain tumors and are largely independent of treatment received, but other mechanisms linked to race\/ethnicity remain important.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34121","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,2,8]],"date-time":"2022-02-08T04:01:01Z","timestamp":1644292861000},"page":"1605-1615","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Minority children experience a higher risk of death from many central nervous system tumor types even after accounting for treatment received: A National Cancer Database analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"128","author":[{"given":"Kristin J.","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Program in Health Disparities Research University of Minnesota Medical School, University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher L.","family":"Moertel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pediatric Hematology and Oncology Department of Pediatrics University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"},{"name":"Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"},{"name":"Brain Tumor Program University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3842-4629","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lindsay A.","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Masonic Cancer Center University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"},{"name":"Brain Tumor Program 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