{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T06:21:23Z","timestamp":1778134883019,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"14","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1652659200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P30CA77598"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P30CA77598"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["UL1TR002494"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["UL1TR002494"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["T32CA163184"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["T32CA163184"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cervical cancer screening is recommended for those with a cervix who are 21 to 65 years old, with specific timelines being dependent on individual risk. This study compared rates of ever undergoing Papanicolaou (Pap) testing at the intersection of self\u2010reported sexual minority (SM) status and race\/ethnicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data from the National Health Interview Survey (2015 and 2018) were used to examine cervical cancer screening disparities. Natal females without a history of hysterectomy who were 21 to 65 years old and had reported their sexual orientation and Pap testing history were included. Demographic and health characteristics were summarized with descriptive statistics. To adjust for differences in confounding variables between groups, propensity score\u2013based inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was performed. IPTW\u2010adjusted multivariable logistic regression models estimated odds of ever undergoing a Pap test by sexual orientation alone and with race\/ethnicity (non\u2010Hispanic White, non\u2010Hispanic Black, and Hispanic).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SM persons (n = 877) had significantly reduced odds of ever undergoing Pap testing (odds ratio, 0.54; 95% confidence interval, 0.42\u20100.70) in comparison with heterosexual persons (n = 17,760). When the intersection of sexual orientation and race\/ethnicity was considered, non\u2010Hispanic White SM participants and Hispanic SM participants had reduced odds of ever undergoing Pap testing in comparison with non\u2010Hispanic White heterosexual participants. No significant differences were observed between non\u2010Hispanic White heterosexual participants and participants of non\u2010Hispanic Black SM or Hispanic heterosexual identities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>SM participants were significantly less likely to have ever undergone a Pap test in comparison with heterosexual participants, with Hispanic SM participants having the lowest uptake. Future studies should further examine the roles of systemic discrimination and other key drivers of these disparities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34213","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,16]],"date-time":"2022-05-16T03:05:38Z","timestamp":1652670338000},"page":"2753-2759","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["The intersection of sexual orientation with race and ethnicity in cervical cancer screening"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9509-9549","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ashley E.","family":"Stenzel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Women's Health University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota"},{"name":"Program in Health Disparities Research, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health University of Minnesota 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