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Surgical, systemic and radiation treatments, comorbidities, and lifestyle factors were recorded. Detection of subclinical BCRL (change from baseline of either BIS L\u2010Dex \u22656.5 or tape volume\u2009\u2265\u20095% and\u2009&lt;\u200910%) triggered an intervention with compression therapy. Volume change from baseline \u226510% indicated progression to chronic lymphedema and need for complex decongestive physiotherapy. In this secondary analysis, multinomial logistic regressions including main and interaction effects of the study group and risk factors were used to test for factor associations with outcomes (no lymphedema, subclinical lymphedema, progression to chronic lymphedema after intervention, progression to chronic lymphedema without intervention). Post hoc tests of significant interaction effects were conducted using Bonferroni\u2010corrected alphas of .008; otherwise, an alpha of .05 was used for statistical significance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The sample (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009918; TM\u00a0=\u00a0457; BIS\u00a0=\u00a0461) was female with a median age of 58.4\u2009years. Factors associated with BCRL risk included axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u2009.001), taxane\u2010based chemotherapy (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u2009.001), regional nodal irradiation (RNI) (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0\u2264\u2009.001), body mass index &gt;30 (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.002), and rurality (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u2009.037). Mastectomy, age, hypertension, diabetes, seroma, smoking, and air travel were not associated with BCRL risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Within the context of 3\u2009years of PSEI for subclinical lymphedema, variables of ALND, taxane\u2010based chemotherapy, RNI, body mass index &gt;30, and rurality increased risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34377","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,7]],"date-time":"2022-07-07T14:25:01Z","timestamp":1657203901000},"page":"3408-3415","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":62,"title":["Risk factors for breast cancer\u2013related lymphedema in patients undergoing 3\u2009years of prospective surveillance with intervention"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2736-2330","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Louise A.","family":"Koelmeyer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research, and Treatment (ALERT) Program, Faculty Medicine, Health &amp; Human Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katrina","family":"Gaitatzis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research, and Treatment (ALERT) Program, Faculty Medicine, Health &amp; Human Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mary S.","family":"Dietrich","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Nursing Vanderbilt University School of Medicine  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9295-5554","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chirag S.","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute Cleveland Clinic  Cleveland Ohio USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Boyages","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Lymphoedema Education, Research, and Treatment (ALERT) Program, Faculty Medicine, Health &amp; Human Sciences Macquarie University  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Icon Cancer Centre  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah A.","family":"McLaughlin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Mayo Clinic  Jacksonville Florida USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bret","family":"Taback","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Deonni P.","family":"Stolldorf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Vanderbilt University School of Nursing Vanderbilt University School of Medicine  Nashville Tennessee USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisabeth","family":"Elder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Westmead Breast Cancer Institute  Westmead New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Lakeside Specialist Breast Clinic  Norwest New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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