{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T04:11:55Z","timestamp":1791432715633,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"23","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk assessment for breast cancer\u2013related lymphedema has emphasized upper\u2010limb symptoms and treatment\u2010related risk factors. This article examined breast cancer\u2013related lymphedema after surgery, overall and in association with broader demographic and clinical features.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Carolina Breast Cancer Study phase 3 followed participants for breast cancer\u2013related lymphedema from baseline (on average, 5\u00a0months after breast cancer diagnosis) to 7\u00a0years after diagnosis. Among 2645 participants, 552 self\u2010reported lymphedema cases were identified. Time\u2010to\u2010lymphedema curves and inverse probability weighted conditional Cox proportional hazards model were used to evaluate whether demographics and clinical features were associated with breast cancer\u2013related lymphedema.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Point prevalence of breast cancer\u2013related lymphedema was 6.8% at baseline, and 19.9% and 23.8% at 2 and 7 years after diagnosis, respectively. Most cases had lymphedema in the arm (88%\u201093%), whereas 14% to 27% presented in the trunk and\/or breast. Beginning approximately 10\u00a0months after diagnosis, younger Black women had the highest risk of breast cancer\u2013related lymphedema and older non\u2010Black women had the lowest risk. Positive lymph node status, larger tumor size (&gt;5\u00a0cm), and estrogen receptor\u2013negative breast cancer, as well as established risk factors such as higher body mass index, removal of more than five lymph nodes, mastectomy, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, were significantly associated with increased hazard (1.5\u2010 to 3.5\u2010fold) of lymphedema.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Findings highlight that hazard of breast cancer\u2013related lymphedema differs by demographic characteristics and clinical features. These factors could be used to identify those at greatest need of lymphedema prevention and early intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Lay summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>In this study, the aim was to investigate breast cancer\u2013related lymphedema (BCRL) burden.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This study found that risk of BCRL differs by race, age, and other characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34489","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,12]],"date-time":"2022-10-12T12:14:52Z","timestamp":1665576892000},"page":"4119-4128","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":67,"title":["Burden of lymphedema in long\u2010term breast cancer survivors by race and age"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"128","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2015-6403","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yumeng","family":"Ren","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Kebede","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Gillings School of Global Public Health University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adeyemi A.","family":"Ogunleye","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Plastic Surgery School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina 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