{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,11]],"date-time":"2026-03-11T03:33:37Z","timestamp":1773200017072,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1669248000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Immunotherapy using a checkpoint inhibitor (CPI) alone or in combination with chemotherapy is the standard of care for treatment\u2010naive patients with advanced non\u2013small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) without driver mutations for which targeted therapies have been approved. It is unknown whether continuing CPI treatment beyond disease progression results in improved outcomes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients who experienced progressive disease (PD) after a clinical benefit from chemotherapy plus a CPI were enrolled. Patients received pembrolizumab (200\u00a0mg every 3 weeks) plus next\u2010line chemotherapy. The primary end point was progression\u2010free survival (PFS) according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (version 1.1). Key secondary end points included the overall survival (OS), clinical benefit rate, and toxicity. The authors\u2019 hypothesis was that continuing pembrolizumab beyond progression would improve the median PFS to 6\u00a0months in comparison with a historical control of 3\u00a0months with single\u2010agent chemotherapy alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Between May 2017 and February 2020, 35 patients were enrolled. The patient and disease characteristics were as follows: 51.4% were male; 82.9% were current or former smokers; and 74.3%, 20%, and 5.7% had adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and NSCLC not otherwise specified, respectively. The null hypothesis that the median PFS would be 3\u00a0months was rejected (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a0.05). The median PFS was 5.1\u00a0months (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.6\u20138.0 months). The median OS was 24.5\u00a0months (95% CI, 15.6\u201330.9 months). The most common treatment\u2010related adverse events were fatigue (60%), anemia (54.3%), and nausea (42.9%). There were no treatment\u2010related deaths.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pembrolizumab plus next\u2010line chemotherapy in patients with advanced NSCLC who experienced PD after a clinical benefit from a CPI was associated with statistically significant higher PFS in comparison with historical controls of single\u2010agent chemotherapy alone.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34565","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,24]],"date-time":"2022-11-24T08:46:08Z","timestamp":1669279568000},"page":"264-271","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["A phase 2 trial of chemotherapy plus pembrolizumab in patients with advanced non\u2013small cell lung cancer previously treated with a PD\u20101 or PD\u2010L1 inhibitor: Big Ten Cancer Research Consortium BTCRC\u2010LUN15\u2010029"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0455-0013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tareq","family":"Salous","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nikhil A.","family":"Shukla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center  Indianapolis Indiana USA"},{"name":"Community Hospital Oncology Physicians  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sandra K.","family":"Althouse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Susan M.","family":"Perkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad","family":"Furqan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Iowa Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center  Iowa City Iowa USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ticiana","family":"Leal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center  Madison Wisconsin USA"},{"name":"Winship Cancer Institute at Emory University  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne M.","family":"Traynor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center  Madison Wisconsin USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lawrence E.","family":"Feldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University of Illinois Cancer Center  Chicago Illinois USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nasser H.","family":"Hanna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center  Indianapolis Indiana USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2606-745X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Greg A.","family":"Durm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center  Indianapolis Indiana 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