{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,15]],"date-time":"2026-10-15T05:57:03Z","timestamp":1792043823337,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"17","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1686614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013514","name":"Wereld Kanker Onderzoek Fonds","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["IIG_FULL_2020_032"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["IIG_FULL_2020_032"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013514","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>The World Cancer Research Fund\/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations are lifestyle\u2010based guidelines that aim to reduce cancer risk. A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis of studies investigating associations between a score for adherence to the 2018 Cancer Prevention Recommendations and cancer risk was conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched for studies published to November 28, 2022. In meta\u2010analysis, the estimated risk ratios and 95% CIs for adherence score as a continuous (per 1\u2010point increment) and categorical (highest vs. lowest score category) variable using random\u2010effects models were estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighteen studies (11 cohort; seven case\u2010control) were included investigating incidence of breast (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07), colorectal (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a05), prostate (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02), lung (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02), pancreatic (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01), endometrial (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01), unknown primary cancer (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01), and overall (any) cancer (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a01). The summary risk ratio per 1\u2010point increment in adherence score was 0.89 (95% CI, 0.85\u20130.93; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a076.5%; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a07) for breast cancer, 0.88 (95% CI, 0.84\u20130.91; <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a026.2%; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a04) for colorectal cancer, and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.86\u20130.98, <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u00a0=\u00a066.0%; <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a02) for lung cancer. There were no significant associations with prostate or other cancers. Meta\u2010analysis results using categorical adherence score variables were consistent with these findings.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Greater adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund\/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations was associated with lower risk of breast, colorectal, and lung cancers. Future studies investigating associations with risk of other forms of cancer are warranted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>PROSPERO registration number<\/jats:title><jats:p>CRD42022313327.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34842","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]],"date-time":"2023-06-13T03:02:00Z","timestamp":1686625320000},"page":"2655-2670","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Adherence to the 2018 World Cancer Research Fund\/American Institute for Cancer Research Cancer Prevention Recommendations and cancer risk: A\u00a0systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5072-7644","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fiona C.","family":"Malcomson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition &amp; Exercise Research Centre Centre for Healthier Lives Population Health Sciences Institute Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher","family":"Wiggins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition &amp; Exercise Research Centre Centre for Healthier Lives Population Health Sciences Institute Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Solange","family":"Parra\u2010Soto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Department of Nutrition and Public Health Universidad del B\u00edo\u2010B\u00edo  Chillan Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick K.","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Wellbeing University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlos","family":"Celis\u2010Morales","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health University of Glasgow  Glasgow UK"},{"name":"Human Performance Lab Education Physical Activity and Health Research Unit University Cat\u00f3lica del Maule  Talca Chile"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9515-1722","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Linda","family":"Sharp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Population Health Sciences Institute Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John C.","family":"Mathers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Human Nutrition &amp; Exercise Research Centre Centre for Healthier Lives Population Health Sciences Institute Newcastle University  Newcastle upon Tyne UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41416\u2010018\u20100029\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140\u20106736(22)01438\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Second Expert Report Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity and the Prevention of Cancer: a Global Perspective","author":"WCRF\/AICR","year":"2007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.01.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055\u20109965.epi\u201016\u20100121"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"World Cancer Research Fund\/American Institute for Cancer Research.Diet Nutrition Physical Activity and Cancer: a Global Perspective. 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