{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T01:55:24Z","timestamp":1790906124049,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1691366400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>There are limited to no data regarding the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients who have preexisting organ dysfunction because these patients are frequently excluded from clinical trials. The authors\u2019 objective was to evaluate the effects of ICIs in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), cirrhosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and congestive heart failure (CHF).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were obtained retrospectively for patients older than 18 years with solid organ malignancies who received at least one dose of an ICI between January 1, 2015, and January 1, 2021, and had either CKD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a090), cirrhosis (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a020), COPD (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0142), or CHF (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a082) before ICI initiation at the authors\u2019 institution. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize patient characteristics, treatment characteristics, immune\u2010related adverse events (IrAEs), and outcomes. An independent samples <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>\u2010test or the Wilcoxon rank\u2010sum test was used to assess differences in continuous variables; the \u03c7<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> test or the Fisher exact test was used to assess differences in categorical variables between patients with and without IrAEs. Progression\u2010free survival (PFS) was assessed using Kaplan\u2013Meier curves, and the log\u2010rank test was used to assess differences in PFS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In all four cohorts, there were no statistically significant differences in patient characteristics, treatment characteristics, or outcomes, such as the number of hospitalizations and PFS, among those who experienced IrAEs compared with those who did not. In the CKD cohort, patients with IrAEs were significantly less likely to die than those without IrAEs (52% vs. 81% [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.009] for all patients; 53% vs. 83% [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.008] for patients with stage II\/III disease who received no definitive local treatment and patients with stage IV disease); this difference was not observed in the cirrhosis, COPD, or CHF cohorts. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of heart failure and COPD exacerbations during the receipt of ICIs in the CHF and COPD cohorts, respectively. The incidence and time to onset of IrAEs in this study appeared to be similar to those reported previously in clinical trials that excluded patients with significant comorbidities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current results demonstrate that ICIs are well tolerated by patients who have preexisting organ dysfunction.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34958","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]],"date-time":"2023-08-07T04:53:02Z","timestamp":1691383982000},"page":"3603-3619","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["A retrospective analysis of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with preexisting organ dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9248-2603","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghana","family":"Kesireddy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\u2010Oncology University of Nebraska Medical Center\u2010Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alissa","family":"Marr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\u2010Oncology University of Nebraska Medical Center\u2010Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Makayla","family":"Schissel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of Nebraska Medical Center College of Public Health  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3724-2671","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Apar K.","family":"Ganti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology\u2010Oncology University of Nebraska Medical Center\u2010Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center  Omaha Nebraska USA"},{"name":"Division of Hematology\u2010Oncology Department of Medicine Veterans Affairs Nebraska Western Iowa Health Care System  Omaha Nebraska USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cancers12030738"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.2535"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2018.3923"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdv383"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"84","article-title":"The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of monoclonal antibodies\u2014mechanistic modeling applied to drug development","volume":"10","author":"Mould DR","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jgo.19.00025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","volume-title":"Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events. 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