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The aim of this systematic review and meta\u2010analysis was to synthesize the longitudinal impact of hormone therapy on objective (cognitive tests) and subjective (questionnaires) cognition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A search was performed of the PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO databases. Studies that longitudinally assessed cognition in patients undergoing androgen\u2010deprivation therapy and new\u2010generation hormone therapy were considered. To perform a meta\u2010analysis, available scores were aggregated and classified into six objective domains and one subjective domain. Weighted mean effect sizes were computed using a random effect model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Twenty studies were included in the systematic review (1440 patients), and 15 could be included in the meta\u2010analysis (1093 patients). In the systematic review, 20%\u201350% of patients had objective cognitive impairment before treatment initiation. The meta\u2010analysis revealed a decline in subjective cognition (<jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.44; <jats:italic>p\u00a0=<\/jats:italic>\u00a0.03) with androgen\u2010deprivation therapy and new\u2010generation hormone therapy. All other effect sizes were small (from <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0\u22120.02 to <jats:italic>g<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.18), and none of them indicated a significant decline in objective cognition. Significant heterogeneity was observed in all domains of objective cognition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This synthesis presents the first meta\u2010analytic evidence of the negative impact of androgen\u2010deprivation therapy and new\u2010generation hormone therapy on subjective cognition. In contrast, there was no conclusive evidence of a decline in objective cognition. The high heterogeneity underscores the need for homogeneous cognitive research on prostate cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Plain Language Summary<\/jats:title><jats:p>\n<jats:list list-type=\"bullet\">\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>There is no consensus on the cognitive impairment induced by hormone therapy for prostate cancer, despite the implications for patients\u2019 care and daily life.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<jats:list-item><jats:p>This synthesis of published studies demonstrated an increase in perceived cognitive difficulties but did not prove a decline in cognitive performance during treatment.<\/jats:p><\/jats:list-item>\n<\/jats:list>\n<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35210","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]],"date-time":"2024-02-02T12:44:11Z","timestamp":1706877851000},"page":"2120-2138","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["Does hormone therapy impact cognition in patients with prostate cancer? A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-0115-8586","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Bou\u00e9","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM 1086 Anticipe, UniCaen Normandie University  Caen France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florence","family":"Joly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM 1086 Anticipe, UniCaen Normandie University  Caen France"},{"name":"Clinical Research Department Baclesse Center  Caen France"},{"name":"Cancer and Cognition Platform National League Against Cancer  Caen France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Justine","family":"Lequesne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Research Department Baclesse Center  Caen France"},{"name":"Cancer and Cognition Platform National League Against Cancer  Caen France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1749-2713","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marie","family":"Lange","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"INSERM 1086 Anticipe, UniCaen Normandie University  Caen France"},{"name":"Clinical Research Department Baclesse Center  Caen France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annonc.2020.06.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41391\u2010019\u20100195\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40263\u2010022\u201000913\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.14740\/wjon1191"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2021.712237"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00018.2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159X15666170313122555"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520\u2010014\u20102285\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ecc.12642"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14596"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2017.11.136"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cts.13451"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaoncol.2016.2047"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh\u20102018\u2010001107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643\u2010016\u20100384\u20104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","volume-title":"Neuropsychological Assessment","author":"Lezak MD","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pon.1673"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","volume-title":"R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","unstructured":"WickhamH Fran\u00e7oisR HenryL M\u00fcllerK.dplyr: A Grammar of Data Manipulation.Version 1.0.9.2022. 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