{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,30]],"date-time":"2026-04-30T15:40:28Z","timestamp":1777563628877,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"24","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1715385600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cancer risk factors are more common among sexual minority populations (e.g., lesbian, bisexual) than their heterosexual peers, yet little is known about cancer incidence across sexual orientation groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 1989\u20132017 data from the Nurses\u2019 Health Study II, a longitudinal cohort of female nurses across the United States, were analyzed (<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0101,543). Sexual orientation\u2010related cancer disparities were quantified by comparing any cancer incidence among four sexual minority groups based on self\u2010disclosure\u2014(1) heterosexual with past same\u2010sex attractions\/partners\/identity; (2) mostly heterosexual; (3) bisexual; and (4) lesbian women\u2014to completely heterosexual women using age\u2010adjusted incidence rate ratios (aIRR)\u00a0calculated by the Mantel\u2010Haenszel method. Additionally, subanalyses at 21 cancer disease sites (e.g., breast, colon\/rectum) were conducted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>For all\u2010cancer analyses, there were no statistically significant differences in cancer incidence at the 5% type I error cutoff among sexual minority groups when compared to completely heterosexual women; the aIRR was 1.17 (95% CI,0.99\u20131.38) among lesbian women and 0.80 (0.58\u20131.10) among bisexual women. For the site\u2010specific analyses, incidences at multiple sites were significantly higher among lesbian women compared to completely heterosexual women: thyroid cancer (aIRR, 1.87 [1.03\u20133.41]), basal cell carcinoma (aIRR,\u00a01.85 [1.09\u20133.14]), and non\u2010Hodgkin lymphoma (aIRR,\u00a02.13 [1.10\u20134.12]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Lesbian women may be disproportionately burdened by cancer relative to their heterosexual peers. Sexual minority populations must be explicitly included in cancer prevention efforts. Comprehensive and standardized sexual orientation data must be systematically collected so nuanced sexual orientation\u2010related cancer disparities can be accurately assessed for both common and rare cancers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,11]],"date-time":"2024-05-11T13:39:36Z","timestamp":1715434776000},"page":"4306-4314","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Disparities in cancer incidence by sexual orientation"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0346-3516","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Aimee K.","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Medicine Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Healthcare Institute  Boston Massachusetts USA"},{"name":"Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences Harvard T.H. 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