{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,29]],"date-time":"2026-07-29T15:23:02Z","timestamp":1785338582678,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"22","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1721520000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Enzalutamide and abiraterone may differ in their immunomodulatory effects, and the prednisone coadministered with abiraterone can be immunosuppressive. This study aimed to compare the risk of different types of infection in patients with prostate cancer receiving enzalutamide or abiraterone in combination with androgen deprivation therapy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with prostate cancer receiving enzalutamide or abiraterone in addition to androgen deprivation therapy in Hong Kong between December 1999 to March 2021 were identified in this retrospective cohort study and followed up until September 2021, death, or crossover. Outcomes, including any sepsis, pneumonia, urinary tract infection, cellulitis or skin abscess, central nervous system infections, and tuberculosis, were analyzed as both time\u2010to\u2010event outcomes (multivariable Fine\u2010Gray regression, with mortality considered a competing event) and recurrent\u2010event outcomes (multivariable negative binomial regression).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altogether, 1582 patients were analyzed (923 abiraterone users; 659 enzalutamide users) with a median follow\u2010up of 10.6 months (interquartile range: 5.3\u201319.9 months). Compared to abiraterone users, enzalutamide users had lower cumulative incidences of sepsis (adjusted subhazard ratio [SHR] 0.70 [0.53\u20130.93], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.014), pneumonia (adjusted SHR 0.76 [0.59\u20130.99], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.040), and cellulitis or skin abscess (adjusted SHR 0.55 [0.39\u20130.79], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.001), but not urinary tract infection (adjusted SHR 0.91 [0.62\u20131.35], <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.643). Associations between exposure and central nervous system infections and tuberculosis were not assessed because of low event rates. Analyzing the outcomes as recurrent events gave similar results. Enzalutamide use may be associated with a lower risk of urinary tract infection in patients with diabetes mellitus.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to abiraterone users, enzalutamide users have significantly lower risks of sepsis, pneumonia, cellulitis, or skin abscess.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35472","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,21]],"date-time":"2024-07-21T12:01:10Z","timestamp":1721563270000},"page":"3826-3835","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Comparison of infection risk between enzalutamide and abiraterone in patients with prostate cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0740-1598","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yan Hiu Athena","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"},{"name":"Cardio\u2010Oncology Research Unit Cardiovascular Analytics Group PowerHealth Research Institute  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0231-2393","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jeffrey Shi Kai","family":"Chan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio\u2010Oncology Research Unit Cardiovascular Analytics Group PowerHealth Research Institute  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chi Ho","family":"Leung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alex Qinyang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Urology Department of Surgery Faculty of Medicine The Chinese University of Hong Kong  Hong Kong China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6119-0889","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edward Christopher","family":"Dee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Radiation Oncology Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenrick","family":"Ng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Barts Cancer Centre  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johnathan","family":"Shamash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Oncology Barts Cancer Centre  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary","family":"Tse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cardio\u2010Oncology Research Unit Cardiovascular Analytics Group PowerHealth Research Institute  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