{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T21:50:25Z","timestamp":1785534625243,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744416000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fertility preservation counseling is recommended for reproductive\u2010age cancer patients. Gestational carriers are individuals who carry a pregnancy for someone else. This service creates a path to biological children when cancer treatment necessitates the removal of the uterus. The authors examined the involvement of gestational carriers among women diagnosed with cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using data from eight statewide cancer registries linked with the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcomes Reporting System, the authors identified women with a cancer diagnosis who subsequently initiated in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedures during 2004 to 2018. Modified Poisson models were used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Discrete Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and CI. Multivariable models adjusted for age, state, and calendar year.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 1095 women with cancer who used IVF with cryopreserved oocytes or embryos to attempt pregnancy, 19.1% worked with a gestational carrier. Involving gestational carriers was more common among those who initiated IVF for fertility preservation versus after cancer treatment (PR, 1.96; 95% CI, 1.54\u20132.50) and had chemotherapy versus no chemotherapy (PR, 1.92; 95% CI, 1.50\u20132.47). Using donor oocytes or embryos (vs. autologous) was more common among women who worked with a gestational carrier (PR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.17\u20132.24). Working with a gestational carrier was not associated with conception (HR, 1.06; 95% CI, 0.82\u20131.37).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Approximately one in five women diagnosed with cancer who used IVF to attempt pregnancy worked with a gestational carrier. The results of this study emphasize the need for information on gestational carriers during fertility preservation counseling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35844","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]],"date-time":"2025-04-12T17:22:39Z","timestamp":1744478559000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["In vitro fertilization with cryopreserved oocytes or embryos after cancer: The role of gestational carriers"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Taylor D.","family":"Ellington","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1413-3464","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexis C.","family":"Wardell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allison M.","family":"Deal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Mersereau","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Shady Grove Fertility, Carolinas  Cary North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katie","family":"Cameron","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steven","family":"Spandorfer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Center for Reproductive Medicine and Infertility Cornell University Medical Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gaya","family":"Murugappan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Spring Fertility, Silicon Valley  Sunnyvale California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerie L.","family":"Baker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine  Baltimore Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carey","family":"Anders","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Internal Medicine Division of Medical Oncology Duke University Hospital  Durham North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0721-1375","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sara","family":"Mitra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center School of Medicine University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Anderson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianwen","family":"Cai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Biostatistics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Gillings School of Global Public Health  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Luke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Biology College of Human Medicine Michigan State University  East Lansing Michigan USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0972-1560","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hazel B.","family":"Nichols","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health  Chapel Hill North Carolina USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/jco.2018.78.1914"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"National Comprehensive Cancer Network.National Comprehensive Cancer Network Guidelines \u2010 Breast Cancer.2017. 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