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The prospective study (NCT04943757) of HCT from all types of donors enrolled 50 patients with refractory myeloid neoplasms.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cumulative incidence of engraftment was 88%; 76% had no measurable residual disease. Immune toxicity in the form of cytokine release syndrome was observed in 30%. Cumulative incidence of acute graft\u2010vs\u2010host disease (GVHD) Grade 2 through 4 was 20%. Cumulative incidence of moderate and severe chronic GVHD was 34%. Nonrelapse mortality was 20%. Relapse incidence was 62%, but median time to relapse was 245 days. Overall survival was 33% and event\u2010free survival was 22%. In the multivariate analysis of event\u2010free survival alternative donor (hazard ratio, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.11\u20130.52) and adverse genetic features (hazard ratio, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.26\u20134.88) were significant. PTBCy regimen was associated with unique immune reconstitution pattern with high levels of CD8+ effector memory T cells, PD\u20101L\u2013positive monocytes, and granulocytes.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>PTBCy GVHD prophylaxis is a promising approach for refractory myeloid neoplasms, which delays relapse after HCT and opens the window for posttransplant prophylaxis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.35893","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T12:55:03Z","timestamp":1747313703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation with a combination of posttransplantation bendamustine and cyclophosphamide in refractory myeloid 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