{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T16:18:11Z","timestamp":1789143491689,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"20","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759708800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fatigue is a common and long\u2010lasting side effect of cancer. Although fatigue is a multidimensional symptom, biologic mechanisms of fatigue dimensions have not been identified.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Women recently diagnosed with early stage breast cancer (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0192) completed assessments before and after adjuvant therapy and at 6\u2010month, 12\u2010month, and 18\u2010month posttreatment follow\u2010up visits. At each assessment, women completed the Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory and provided blood for protein markers of inflammation (tumor necrosis factor [TNF] alpha [TNF\u2010\u03b1], soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor type II [sTNF\u2010RII], interleukin 6 [IL\u20106], and C\u2010reactive protein [CRP]). Mixed\u2010effect linear models examined within\u2010person and between\u2010person associations between inflammatory markers and dimensions of fatigue.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Analyses demonstrated a positive within\u2010person association between general fatigue and TNF\u2010\u03b1 (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.67;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.037), sTNF\u2010RII (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a02.77;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.002), and IL\u20106 (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.86;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.010) when controlling for age, race, education, body mass index, and cancer stage. Similarly, there was a positive within\u2010person association between physical fatigue and TNF\u2010\u03b1 (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a01.58;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.007), sTNF\u2010RII (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a02.38;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.001), and CRP (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.43;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.007). Conversely, there were negative within\u2010person associations between emotional fatigue and TNF\u2010\u03b1 (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22121.92;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.004) and sTNF\u2010RII (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0\u22122.10;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.006). General and physical fatigue were positively associated with CRP at the between\u2010person level (\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      = 0.82,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      = .024 for general;\n                      <jats:italic>b<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a00.71;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.012 for physical). No significant associations between mental fatigue and inflammatory makers were found.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The current findings identified distinct dimensions of fatigue associated with inflammatory activity in women with breast cancer and highlighted individual variability in inflammatory markers as a key predictor of fatigue symptoms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.70038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,6]],"date-time":"2025-10-06T07:02:06Z","timestamp":1759734126000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Inflammation and dimensions of fatigue in women with early stage breast cancer: A longitudinal examination"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0813-4444","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Julienne E.","family":"Bower","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychology The University of California\u2010Los Angeles (UCLA)  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Johnsson Comprehensive Cancer Center UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7100-1081","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Arielle","family":"Radin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Bruin Health  Reading Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1841-4143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Patricia A.","family":"Ganz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johnsson Comprehensive Cancer Center UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Schools of Medicine and Public Health UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1502-8431","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael R.","family":"Irwin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Steve W.","family":"Cole","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"},{"name":"Department of Medicine UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Petersen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Johnsson Comprehensive Cancer Center UCLA  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arash","family":"Asher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Samuel Oschin Comprehensive Cancer Institute at Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sara A.","family":"Hurvitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medicine University of Washington  Seattle Washington USA"},{"name":"Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center  Seattle Washington 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