{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,30]],"date-time":"2026-03-30T22:15:08Z","timestamp":1774908908227,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"19","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000048","name":"American Cancer Society","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RSGI\u201022\u2010130\u201001\u2010HOPS"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RSGI\u201022\u2010130\u201001\u2010HOPS"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000048","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R01 CA267996"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R01 CA267996"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Opioid use and adverse events among cancer patients may change with access to medical marijuana. This study investigated the impacts of medical marijuana legalization (MML) since 2016.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Using a difference\u2010in\u2010differences approach and 2016 to 2022 private insurance claims data, this cross\u2010sectional study included patients (aged 18\u201364 years) undergoing resection surgery for newly diagnosed (female) breast, colorectal, or lung cancer in 27 states without MML as of 2016. MML policies were classified into (1) no MML, (2) MML without dispensaries (after MML effective date and before the first state\u2010licensed dispensary opened), and (3) MML with dispensaries. Outcomes included during the 6 months postdiagnosis: (1) any opioid prescription, (2) any short\u2010acting oxycodone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, or morphine prescription (\u201cstrong opioids\u201d), (3) any short\u2010acting tramadol or codeine prescription (\u201cweak opioids\u201d), and (4) total morphine milligram equivalents among patients with opioid prescriptions, (5) any all\u2010cause, and (6) any pain\u2010related emergency department visits or hospitalizations.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The sample (\n                      <jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a034,911) included 24,592 patients with breast, 8510 colorectal, and 1809 lung cancer. Compared to no MML, MML with dispensaries was associated with reduced any strong short\u2010acting opioids prescription use (difference\u00a0=\u00a0\u22124.6; 95% CI,\u00a0\u22128.6 to \u22120.5 percentage points [pp];\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.028) and increased any all\u2010cause adverse hospital events (difference\u00a0=\u00a02.6; 95% CI, 0.7\u22124.5 pp;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.006). MML without dispensaries was associated with increased any weak opioid prescription use (difference\u00a0=\u00a01.2; 95% CI, 0.5\u22122 pp;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0=\u00a0.002).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MML policies may have affected the type of opioid prescribed and increased adverse hospital events among patients with cancer and resection surgery. Additional investigation of medical marijuana\u2019s impact on cancer pain management is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.70107","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T11:29:41Z","timestamp":1759318181000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Medical marijuana policies, opioid prescriptions, and adverse events among patients undergoing cancer resection surgery"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5201-3557","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ju\u2010Chen","family":"Hu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Management Celia Scott Weatherhead School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University  New Orleans Louisiana USA"},{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kenneth","family":"Karan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hao","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Health Policy and Organization School of Public Health University of Alabama at Birmingham  Birmingham Alabama USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9637-9577","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Russell","family":"Portenoy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Family and Social Medicine Albert Einstein College of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0680-8911","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William E.","family":"Rosa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry &amp; Behavioral Sciences Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yiye","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population Health Sciences Weill Cornell Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M. 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