{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T06:43:45Z","timestamp":1792219425900,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":54,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782086400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000054","name":"National Cancer Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2T32CA250803\u201006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2T32CA250803\u201006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000054","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The incidence of early\u2010onset colorectal cancer (EOCRC), defined as colorectal cancer diagnosed before the age of 50 years, has been increasing. The relationship between demographic, birth, and parental characteristics and risk of EOCRC has not been elucidated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study included 1221 cases born and diagnosed with EOCRC at the age of 0 to 39 years in California during 1988 through 2021 and 61,050 frequency\u2010matched controls based on birth year. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% CIs were estimated using multivariable logistic regression models.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Based on multivariable analysis, males had 34% higher risk of EOCRC compared to females (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.34; 95% CI, 1.20\u20131.51), and Hispanic ethnicity was associated with 43% higher risk of EOCRC (OR for Hispanic versus non\u2010Hispanic White\u00a0=\u00a01.34; 95% CI, 1.20\u20131.51). Having a foreign\u2010born mother was associated with a lower risk of EOCRC (OR\u00a0=\u00a00.85; 95% CI, 0.73\u20130.97). Among females, every 500\u2010g increase in birthweight was associated with 10% increase in EOCRC risk (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.10; 95% CI, 1.01\u20131.21) and having a father aged \u226535 years was associated with higher risk of EOCRC (OR\u00a0=\u00a01.56; 95% CI, 1.08\u20132.25). No other demographic, birth, and parental characteristic was significantly associated with risk of EOCRC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>High birthweight, male sex, Hispanic ethnicity, and older paternal age are potential risk factors for EOCRC. Maternal birthplace, which is associated with diet, smoking patterns, other health\u2010promoting characteristics, may be protective against EOCRC. These factors require future research for validation and evaluation of possible mechanisms.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.70458","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]],"date-time":"2026-06-22T07:01:21Z","timestamp":1782111681000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Demographic, birth, parental characteristics, and the risk of early\u2010onset colorectal cancer: A population\u2010based nested case\u2010control study in California"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"132","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5746-1161","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sunny","family":"Siddique","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2169-4174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenica","family":"Berardi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline H.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Environmental Health Sciences Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseph L.","family":"Wiemels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Population and Public Health Sciences Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California  Los Angeles California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3467-4145","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Catherine","family":"Metayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health University of California  Berkeley California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaomei","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology Yale School of Public Health  New Haven Connecticut USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894\u2010018\u20100618\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djw322"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41571\u2010020\u201000445\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21601"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djz098"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_7_1","volume-title":"SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975\u20102018","author":"Howlader N","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2025.25467"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11864\u2010017\u20100463\u20103"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clcc.2017.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10151\u2010013\u20100977\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dji164"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0135959"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468\u20101253(19)30147\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ypmed.2017.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_16_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society.Colorectal Cancer Facts & Figures 2020\u20102022.American Cancer Society."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.70067"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm15041316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2025.56659"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_20_1","volume-title":"The Nation's Latino Population is Defined by Its Youth","author":"Patten E","year":"2016"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab165"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.whi.2007.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6604918"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djv210"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canep.2016.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.060475"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_27_1","article-title":"Maternal obesity, pregnancy weight gain, and birth weight and risk of colorectal cancer","author":"Murphy CC","year":"2021","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2011.470"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2023.10316"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_30_1","unstructured":"American Cancer Society.Colorectal Cancer Facts & Figures 2023\u20102025. cancerorg;2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_11_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2020.0217"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055\u20109965.epi\u201020\u20100093"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12964\u2010024\u201001549\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598\u2010024\u201071999\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/2159\u20108290.cd\u201022\u20100764"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_36_1","article-title":"Increase of early\u2010onset colorectal cancer: a cohort effect","author":"Downham L","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13124556"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2012.11.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.36358"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055\u20109965.epi\u201021\u20100611"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10900\u2010017\u20100319\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.34696"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10995\u2010014\u20101477\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.111.141473"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/002214650704800405"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2105\/ajph.2006.095505"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl\u20102021\u2010325001"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.j1"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2011.00027"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18632\/aging.202333"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2016.12.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nature11396"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_53_1","unstructured":"Report of the Adolescent and Young Adult Oncology Progress Review Group 2006 Closing the Gap: Research and Care Imperatives for Adolescents and Young Adults With Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21637"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.6238"}],"container-title":["Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncr.70458","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cncr.70458","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncr.70458","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T06:28:50Z","timestamp":1792218530000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cncr.70458"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"references-count":54,"journal-issue":{"issue":"13","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cncr.70458"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncr.70458","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0008-543X","1097-0142"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0008-543X","type":"print"},{"value":"1097-0142","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,22]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-11-21","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-04-24","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-06-22","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70458"}}