{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T06:43:46Z","timestamp":1792219426383,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"13","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782432000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Approximately 15,000 United States (US) children and adolescents, 0\u201314 and 15\u201319 years old, respectively, are diagnosed with cancer annually. Although overall survival now exceeds 80%, cancer remains the second leading cause of death in this population, and improvements have not been uniform across subgroups.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Five\u2010 and 10\u2010year relative survival (RS) for cancer cases diagnosed during 2001\u20132021 among individuals &lt;20 years old at diagnosis were calculated using the National Program of Cancer Registries database, covering 87.4% of the US population. Results were stratified by age, sex, race and ethnicity, US Census region, economic status, cancer type, stage, and diagnosis year. All\u2010cause survival was calculated using the Kaplan\u2013Meier method with log\u2010rank testing.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among 272,279 pediatric cancers diagnosed from 2001 to 2021, 5\u2010year RS was 84.7%, and 10\u2010year RS was 82.3%. Five\u2010year RS increased from 83.0% in 2001\u20132011 to 86.8% in 2012\u20132021. Ten\u2010year RS was higher for females than males. By age, adolescents 15\u201319 years old had the highest RS, whereas infants had the lowest. Non\u2010Hispanic Black patients had the lowest 5\u2010 and 10\u2010year RS (79.2% and 76.3%, respectively) compared with non\u2010Hispanic White patients (86.3% and 84.0%). RS was highest for patients in the top 25% of counties by economic status and in the Northeastern US Census region. Overall, all\u2010cause 10\u2010year survival was 81.7% and differed by sex, age, race and ethnicity, stage, and cancer subtypes.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pediatric cancer survival has continued to improve. However, differences persist by age, sex, race and ethnicity, economic status, geography, and cancer type.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.70505","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]],"date-time":"2026-06-26T12:13:05Z","timestamp":1782475985000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Pediatric cancer survival in the United States from 2001 to 2021"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"132","author":[{"given":"Jason M.","family":"Stevenson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philip J.","family":"Lupo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4250-5376","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tamara P.","family":"Miller","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplant Department of Pediatrics Emory University School of Medicine  Atlanta Georgia USA"},{"name":"Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center Children\u2019s Healthcare of Atlanta  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shifan","family":"Dai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cyberdata Technologies, Inc  Herndon Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2420-306X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. Jane","family":"Henley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eric","family":"Tai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael A.","family":"Boring","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David A.","family":"Siegel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Prevention and Control National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Centers for Disease Control and Prevention  Atlanta Georgia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"US Cancer Statistics Data Visualizations Tool","author":"US Cancer Statistics Working Group","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.33080"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMsr1804754"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djad115"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.28748"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21219"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140\u20106736(17)31610\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.22.3339"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.21585"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2009.27.0421"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/EDBK_320499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.23078"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2010.29.6103"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.15.2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.19.00812"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31560"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.National Program of Cancer Registries SEER*Stat Database: NPCR Survival and Prevalence Analytic file 2001\u20102021.United States Department of Health and Human Services. 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