{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,15]],"date-time":"2026-05-15T16:10:11Z","timestamp":1778861411007,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,18]],"date-time":"2012-07-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1342569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The majority of anal cancers are caused by persistent infections with carcinogenic human papillomaviruses (HPV). Similar to cervical carcinogenesis, the progression from HPV infection to anal cancer occurs through precancerous lesions that can be treated to prevent invasion. In analogy to cervical cytology, anal cytology has been proposed as a screening tool for anal cancer precursors in high\u2010risk populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors analyzed the interobserver reproducibility of anal cytology in a population of 363 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2010infected men who have sex with men (MSM). Liquid\u2010based cytology (LBC) specimens were collected in the anal dysplasia clinic before the performance of high\u2010resolution anoscopy on all patients. Papanicolaou\u2010stained LBC slides were evaluated by 2 cytopathologists, each of whom was blinded to the clinical outcome and the other pathologist's results, using the revised Bethesda terminology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall agreement between the 2 observers was 66% (kappa, 0.54; linear\u2010weighted kappa, 0.69). Using dichotomizing cytology results (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance [ASC\u2010US] or worse vs less than ASC\u2010US), the agreement increased to 86% (kappa, 0.69). An increasing likelihood of testing positive for markers associated with HPV\u2010related transformation, p16\/Ki\u201067, and HPV oncogene messenger RNA was observed, with increasing severity of cytology results noted both for individual cytologists and for consensus cytology interpretation (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> value for trend [<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic><jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>] &lt; .0001 for all).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS:<\/jats:title><jats:p>Moderate to good agreement was observed between 2 cytopathologists evaluating anal cytology samples collected from HIV\u2010positive MSM. A higher severity of anal cytology was associated with biomarkers of anal precancerous lesions. Anal cytology may be used for anal cancer screening in high\u2010risk populations, and biomarkers of HPV\u2010related transformation can serve as quality control for anal cytology. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2013. Published 2012 by the American Cancer Society.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21218","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,7,19]],"date-time":"2012-07-19T04:29:09Z","timestamp":1342672149000},"page":"72-78","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Interrater agreement of anal cytology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Teresa M.","family":"Darragh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diane","family":"Tokugawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip 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