{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,2]],"date-time":"2026-08-02T14:05:27Z","timestamp":1785679527304,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,13]],"date-time":"2014-01-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1389571200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Adenocarcinoma can be challenging to distinguish from malignant mesothelioma in effusions, and this distinction often requires ancillary studies and clinical correlation. Immunohistochemistry for claudin\u20104, a tight\u2010junction\u2010associated protein, has recently been shown to distinguish adenocarcinoma from malignant mesothelioma, mostly in surgical specimens. Our aim was to validate and assess the immunoreactivity profile of claudin\u20104 in a large series of malignant effusions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>We evaluated 159 malignant effusions (84 adenocarcinomas and 75 malignant mesotheliomas). Claudin\u20104 immunohistochemistry was performed on cell\u2010block paraffin sections and scored for staining intensity, staining pattern (cytoplasmic versus membranous), and percentage of positive tumor cells. Appropriate positive and negative controls were used throughout.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>All cases of mesothelioma were negative for claudin\u20104 (0 of 64). Eighty\u2010three of 84 cases of adenocarcinoma were positive (99%); 1 case of serous carcinoma was negative. Most adenocarcinomas showed strong and diffuse membranous staining (71 of 84; 84%); 12 cases (14%) showed membranous staining of moderate intensity. The overall sensitivity for adenocarcinoma was 99% (83 of 84).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Claudin\u20104 immunohistochemistry effectively distinguishes adenocarcinoma from malignant mesothelioma with high sensitivity and specificity in the evaluation of malignant effusions. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol)<\/jats:italic> 2014;122:299\u2013306<\/jats:bold>. \u00a9 <jats:italic>2014 American Cancer Society<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21392","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,13]],"date-time":"2014-01-13T17:50:48Z","timestamp":1389635448000},"page":"299-306","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":70,"title":["Claudin\u20104 immunohistochemistry is highly effective in distinguishing adenocarcinoma from malignant mesothelioma in effusion cytology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Vickie 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