{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,5]],"date-time":"2025-11-05T11:05:31Z","timestamp":1762340731458,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,9]],"date-time":"2014-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1404864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"National Institutes of Health","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Different US practice guidelines have conflicting recommendations for when women should return after a screening result of human papillomavirus (HPV)\u2010negative with an equivocal Papanicolaou (Pap) result of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC\u2010US) (ie, return in either 3 or 5 years). One way to determine management is to compare the risk of precancer\/cancer after an HPV\u2010negative\/ASC\u2010US result with the risks after other negative screening results. For example, if the risk after an HPV\u2010negative\/ASC\u2010US result was similar to the risk after a negative Pap test, a 3\u2010year return would be preferred because guidelines agree that women with negative Pap test results should return in 3 years. Alternatively, if the risk after an HPV\u2010negative\/ASC\u2010US result is similar to that after a cotest\u2010negative result (HPV negative\/Pap test negative), a 5\u2010year return would be preferred because guidelines agree that women testing cotest negative should return in 5 years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors compared risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia of grade 3 or higher (CIN3+) and cervical cancer among women aged 30 years to 64 years at Kaiser Permanente Northern California with the following test results from 2003 through 2012: 17,191 women testing HPV negative\/ASC\u2010US; 980,268 women testing Pap test negative (regardless of HPV result); and 892,882 women testing cotest negative.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The 5\u2010year CIN3+ and cancer risks after an HPV\u2010negative\/ASC\u2010US result were closer to the risks after a negative Pap test result (CIN3+: 0.48% vs 0.31% [<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>.0019]; and cancer: 0.043% vs 0.031% [<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>.4]) than after a negative cotest (CIN3+: 0.48% vs 0.11% [<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&lt;.0001]; and cancer: 0.043% vs 0.014% [<jats:italic>P =<\/jats:italic>.016]).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women testing HPV negative\/ASC\u2010US were found to have precancer\/cancer risks that were more closely aligned with women with negative Pap test results, suggesting that women testing HPV negative\/ASC\u2010US should be managed similarly to women testing negative on Pap tests with a 3\u2010year return for screening. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol)<\/jats:italic> 2014;122:842\u2013850<\/jats:bold>. \u00a9 <jats:italic>2014 American Cancer Society<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21463","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,9]],"date-time":"2014-07-09T11:08:49Z","timestamp":1404904129000},"page":"842-850","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["The low risk of precancer after a screening result of human papillomavirus\u2010negative\/atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance papanicolaou and implications for clinical management"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"122","author":[{"given":"Julia C.","family":"Gage","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hormuzd A.","family":"Katki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Schiffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services Bethesda Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Philip E.","family":"Castle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Global Cancer Initiative Chestertown Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Fetterman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Laboratory Kaiser Permanente Northern California Berkeley California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nancy E.","family":"Poitras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Laboratory Kaiser Permanente Northern California Berkeley California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Lorey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Regional Laboratory Kaiser Permanente Northern California Berkeley California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li C.","family":"Cheung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Information Management Services Inc Calverton Maryland"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"Behrens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roche Molecular Systems Pleasanton California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Abha","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roche Molecular Systems Pleasanton California"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fang\u2010Hui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Beijing China"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jack","family":"Cuzick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zi Hua","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Cancer Prevention, Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Queen Mary University of London London United Kingdom"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Walter K.","family":"Kinney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program Oakland 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