{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:44:25Z","timestamp":1760316265747,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1473984000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Trichomonas vaginalis<\/jats:italic> is a rare finding in urine cytology specimens, especially those from men; only 2 case reports have been described in the literature. The authors of the current report sought to determine the incidence and clinical significance of this finding in urine cytology in males.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The authors' cytopathology archives were queried for urine cytology specimens that contained <jats:italic>Trichomonas<\/jats:italic> over a 30\u2010year period. Clinical information from men with <jats:italic>Trichomonas<\/jats:italic>\u2010positive urines was reviewed retrospectively. Slides were reviewed, and the morphologic characteristics of the organisms were recorded.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Trichomonas<\/jats:italic> was detected in 73 of 60,000 urine cytology specimens (0.1%). The patients included 45 women and 28 men. Men with <jats:italic>Trichomonas<\/jats:italic> in their urine ranged in age from 28 to 87 years (mean age, 67 years; median, 71 years). <jats:italic>Trichomonas<\/jats:italic> organisms were round to oval, with eccentric nuclei and cytoplasmic granules. Acute inflammation was observed in 6 of 7 cases. Clinical history was available in 13 of 28 men. Lower urinary tract symptoms were reported in 10 of 13 men, most commonly hematuria; and urethral strictures were identified by cystoscopy in 3 of 13 men. Clinical follow\u2010up was available for 10 of 13 patients; of these, 8 (80%) had received treatment with metronidazole based on urine cytology results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study is the largest series of <jats:italic>Trichomonas<\/jats:italic> infection in men diagnosed by urine cytology in the literature. Most men had no prior diagnosis of trichomoniasis and received specific antibiotic therapy based on their urine cytology results. Urine cytology may represent the initial diagnostic test for <jats:italic>Trichomonas<\/jats:italic> in men, and accurate cytologic diagnosis may prevent undesired adverse outcomes for them and their partners. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Cancer Cytopathol<\/jats:italic> 2017;125:55\u201059<\/jats:bold>. \u00a9 <jats:italic>2016 American Cancer Society<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21778","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]],"date-time":"2016-09-16T09:16:53Z","timestamp":1474017413000},"page":"55-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Diagnosis of trichomoniasis in men by urine cytology"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Erika E.","family":"Doxtader","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tarik M.","family":"Elsheikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Cleveland Clinic Cleveland Ohio"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e318286bb53"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/522532"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2012-050702"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Center for Global Health. Neglected Parasitic Infections in the United States: Trichomoniasis. Atlanta GA: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;2013. Available at:www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/npi.html. Accessed June 13 2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","first-page":"1060","article-title":"Cytologic identification of Trichomonas vaginalis in urine from a male with long\u2010standing pyuria","volume":"42","author":"Niewiadomski S","year":"1998","journal-title":"Acta Cytol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6413-2-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199301000-00015"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199707000-00008"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/338399"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-118-11-199306010-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/376558"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.20231"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","first-page":"484","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis in urine cytology","volume":"44","author":"Loo CK","year":"2000","journal-title":"Acta Cytol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","first-page":"105","volume-title":"Cytology: Diagnostic Principles and Clinical Correlates","author":"Cibas ES","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4614-2056-9_5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"84","volume-title":"Essentials of Fluid Cytology","author":"Nguyen GK.","year":"2009"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199908000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0924-8579(02)00086-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","first-page":"233","article-title":"Trichomonas vaginalis in urethritis of the male","volume":"32","author":"Feo LG","year":"1956","journal-title":"Br J Vener Dis."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2003.08.023"}],"container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcncy.21778","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcncy.21778","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncy.21778","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T15:02:23Z","timestamp":1760281343000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cncy.21778"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]]},"references-count":21,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cncy.21778"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncy.21778","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1934-662X","1934-6638"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"1934-662X"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1934-6638"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,16]]}}}