{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T05:35:52Z","timestamp":1787895352633,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1488153600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>The Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Cytopathology Quality Assurance Program has operated an external quality assurance program in nongynecologic cytopathology since 1993. Glass slide preparations of a wide range of nongynecologic cases were circulated to approximately 200 cytopathology laboratories in 16 countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>General nongynecologic cytology cases were manufactured from residual specimens after routine diagnosis. Fine\u2010needle aspiration (FNA) cases were made by sampling fresh tissue and making direct specimens. The majority of cases consisted of both air\u2010dried and fixed preparations. Results returned to laboratories included illustrated case discussions highlighting diagnostic features, key differential diagnoses, and useful adjunctive tests.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The current study reviewed &gt;22,000 results for 123 nongynecologic cases. Cases found to cause the most diagnostic difficulties included serous effusion cases with metastatic carcinoma in a dispersed pattern, well\u2010differentiated carcinoma, and cellular reactive cases; urine specimens with sparse malignant cells; reactive pneumocytes in a bronchoalveolar lavage; breast FNA cases with papillary lesions; gestational specimens; and fibroadenoma. FNA specimens from the lung and thyroid, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma, generally were well reported.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The use of multiple preparations of the same specimen has allowed interlaboratory comparison, and the quality assurance program has played an educational role as well as informing the laboratory accreditation process. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Cancer Cytopathol<\/jats:italic> 2017;125:349\u2013361.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 <jats:italic>2017 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21838","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]],"date-time":"2017-02-27T16:02:42Z","timestamp":1488211362000},"page":"349-361","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["External quality assurance in nongynecologic cytology: The Australasian experience"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"125","author":[{"given":"Paul W.","family":"Shield","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia"},{"name":"Sullivan Nicolaides Pathology Bowen Hills, Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Felicity","family":"Frost","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre Perth Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo L.","family":"Finnimore","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology Brisbane Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. Gordon","family":"Wright","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine Bond University Robina Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Margaret C.","family":"Cummings","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Queensland, The Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Herston Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2017,2,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1079","DOI":"10.5858\/1999-123-1079-IVISOS","article-title":"Interobserver variability in subclassification of squamous intraepithelial lesions: results of the College of American Pathologists Interlaboratory Comparison Program in Cervicovaginal Cytology","volume":"123","author":"Woodhouse SL","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","unstructured":"Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia.Quality assurance program in cytopathology.http:\/\/www.rcpaqap.com.au\/. 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