{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T06:54:03Z","timestamp":1790146443919,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1524614400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>BACKGROUND<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anal cytology may be useful for evaluating lesions associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) in individuals at increased risk for anal cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>METHODS<\/jats:title><jats:p>Liquid\u2010based cytology was used to assess anal cytological lesions among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)\u2013infected and HIV\u2010uninfected men who have sex with men (MSM). The Linear Array HPV genotyping test was used for HPV detection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>RESULTS<\/jats:title><jats:p>This cross\u2010sectional study included 1021 MSM, of whom 388 were HIV\u2010infected (38.0%). Anal cytological lesions (atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or more severe [ASCUS+]) were observed in 32.5% and 53.2% of the HIV\u2010uninfected and HIV\u2010infected individuals, respectively (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u2009.0001). The highest ASCUS\u2009+\u2009prevalence was observed among \u226545\u2010year\u2010old HIV\u2010uninfected MSM (37.3%) and 25\u2010to 29\u2010year\u2010old HIV\u2010infected MSM (66.7%). High\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) peaked in\u2009\u2265\u200945\u2010year\u2010old HIV\u2010uninfected subjects and 35\u2010 to 39\u2010year\u2010old HIV\u2010infected subjects. Individuals with anal infections with high\u2010risk (HR) HPV types were 3 to 4 times more likely to have an ASCUS\u2009+\u2009report. An HPV\u201016 and\/or HPV\u201018 infection increased the odds of HSIL or more severe cytology (HSIL+) for HIV\u2010infected MSM almost 4 times. MSM concurrently infected with HR and low\u2010risk HPVs were significantly more likely to have low\u2010grade squamous intraepithelial lesions or more severe cytology (LSIL+) than those infected with only HR types. No significant associations were found between cytological abnormalities and the HIV load and nadir and current CD4\u2009+\u2009counts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>CONCLUSIONS<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prevalence of anal cytological lesions is high in MSM, even in HIV\u2010infected individuals treated with combined antiretroviral therapy. In these subjects, HSILs occur more frequently and at a younger age in comparison with HIV\u2010uninfected counterparts. Specific diagnostic procedures should be implemented to manage individuals at increased risk for anal cancer with an abnormal anal Papanicolaou test. <jats:bold><jats:italic>Cancer Cytopathol<\/jats:italic> 2018.<\/jats:bold> \u00a9 <jats:italic>2018 American Cancer Society.<\/jats:italic><\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]],"date-time":"2018-04-25T12:01:39Z","timestamp":1524657699000},"page":"461-470","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Anal cytological lesions and HPV infection in individuals at increased risk for anal cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"126","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3250-1726","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Gabriella","family":"Don\u00e0","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infection\/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Benevolo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Latini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infection\/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Rollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuela","family":"Colafigli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infection\/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mirko","family":"Frasca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infection\/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mauro","family":"Zaccarelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Department Lazzaro Spallanzani National Institute for Infectious Diseases, IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Giglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Clinical Pathology Department San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Moretto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Clinical Pathology Department San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edoardo","family":"Pescarmona","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, IFO\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cristaudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infection\/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sexually Transmitted Infection\/Human Immunodeficiency Virus Unit, San Gallicano Dermatological Institute, IFO\u2010IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir064"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir1012"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwt153"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(12)70080-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/dju503"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328331d384"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.31033"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001605"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001639"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001045"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jdv.13539"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2014.07.025"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaad.2004.11.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0000000000000256"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/08941939.2017.1334845"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.12.026"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"93","article-title":"Italian guidelines for the use of antiretroviral agents and the diagnostic\u2010clinical management of HIV\u20101 infected persons. Update 2015","volume":"39","author":"Antinori A","year":"2016","journal-title":"New Microbiol."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-12-476"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4612-2042-8_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-11074-5_8"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2012.02.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2015.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0000000000000910"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1086\/656775"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28102"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000062"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123590"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e31817aebfe"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01405-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pvr.2017.02.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jix607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2016.08.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OLQ.0000430798.61475.08"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000000909","article-title":"The effect of HIV infection on anal and penile human papillomavirus incidence and clearance: a cohort study among MSM","volume":"30","author":"Mooij SH","year":"2016","journal-title":"AIDS."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors for anal human papillomavirus infection in HIV\u2010positive men having sex with men","author":"Combes JD","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2017-019894"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.28963"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(17)30653-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.27671"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-12-0984"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.03517-13"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.21732"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000001433"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqw229"}],"container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcncy.22003","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncy.22003","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T17:33:46Z","timestamp":1760290426000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cncy.22003"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"7","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,7]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cncy.22003"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncy.22003","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1934-662X","1934-6638"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1934-662X","type":"print"},{"value":"1934-6638","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,4,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2018-01-19","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-03-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2018-04-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}