{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,26]],"date-time":"2026-09-26T06:10:14Z","timestamp":1790403014474,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601510400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>High\u2010risk human papillomavirus (HPV) has been identified in the pathogenesis of anal cancer. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of abnormal anal cytology and HPV in women aged \u226540 years who have a history of high\u2010grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesion (SIL) or cancer and to estimate the prevalence of anal intraepithelial neoplasia (AIN) using cytology as the primary screening modality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women who had a history of high\u2010grade cervical SIL or cancer and were \u226540 years of age were included in this prospective study. Anal cytology with HPV\u2010DNA testing was performed. All patients with abnormal anal cytology were referred for high\u2010resolution anoscopy (HRA), and abnormal lesions were biopsied and treated if pathologically confirmed. Abnormal anal cytology correlated with HPV status, HRA findings, and clinical and demographic characteristics.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 317 women completed the study. Of these, 96 (30.3%) had abnormal anal cytology (high\u2010grade SIL, 12.5%; low\u2010grade SIL, 19.8%; atypical squamous cells, cannot exclude high\u2010grade SIL, 6.3%; atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, 61.5%) and 101 (31.9%) were HPV\u2010DNA\u2013positive. There was a significant association between abnormal cytology results and the presence of high\u2010risk HPV. Of the 96 patients with abnormal cytology, 30 (31.3%) had biopsy\u2010proven AIN on HRA, representing 9.5% of the total patient cohort; of these, 10 (33.3%) had low\u2010grade AIN and 20 (66.7%) had high\u2010grade AIN. Older age and smoking were significant risk factors for abnormal anal cytology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Women aged \u226540 years with a history of high\u2010grade cervical SIL or cancer have a high rate of AIN. Screening for anal cancer may therefore be considered in this patient population. The optimal screening approach should be addressed in future studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22360","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,1]],"date-time":"2020-10-01T14:19:47Z","timestamp":1601561987000},"page":"140-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Cytology\u2010based screening for anal intraepithelial neoplasia in women with a history of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia or cancer"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3184-0980","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christoph","family":"Wohlmuth","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology Odette Cancer Centre Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zeina","family":"Ghorab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomic Pathology Department of Laboratory Medicine and Molecular Diagnostics Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Shier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Tinmouth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gastroenterology Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Irving E.","family":"Salit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases Department of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allan","family":"Covens","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology Odette Cancer Centre Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"MacroStat Biostatistics Richmond Hill Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Vicus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Gynecologic Oncology Odette Cancer Centre Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2020,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"National Cancer Institute: Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results Program.Cancer stat facts: anal cancer.2019. 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