{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,31]],"date-time":"2026-03-31T09:43:19Z","timestamp":1774950199963,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":125,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1611532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Thyroid tumors can be classified into epithelial, nonepithelial, and nonprimary lesions. Nonepithelial thyroid tumors are rare. They can be of primary origin within the thyroid gland, arise secondary to contiguous growth from adjacent tissues, or represent metastatic disease. The incidence of nonepithelial tumors of the thyroid is only 1% to 2%, most of which are lymphomas; the remainder includes mesenchymal and histiocytic tumors. This review examines the cytohistological features of various nonepithelial and nonlymphoid tumors of the thyroid, including vascular lesions, neural tumors (including granular cell tumor and paraganglioma), smooth muscle tumors, solitary fibrous tumor, histiocytic neoplasms (eg, Langerhans cell histiocytosis and Rosai\u2010Dorfman disease), and follicular dendritic cell sarcoma. Their differential diagnosis is discussed, including recommendations to prevent the pitfall of mistaking these rare tumors for more common epithelial thyroid neoplasms.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22404","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T17:42:19Z","timestamp":1611596539000},"page":"583-602","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Cytologic and histological features of rare nonepithelial and nonlymphoid tumors of the thyroid"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"129","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3819-4229","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esther Diana","family":"Rossi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Anatomic Pathology and Histology Catholic University of Sacred Heart Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8182-5503","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Liron","family":"Pantanowitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jason L.","family":"Hornick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_15_2_1","first-page":"419","volume-title":"Diagnostic Pathology and Molecular Genetics of the Thyroid","author":"Thompson LDR","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_3_1","first-page":"52","volume-title":"World Health Organization Classification of Tumors of Endocrine Organs","author":"Wick MR","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_4_1","first-page":"5185","article-title":"Primary thyroid sarcoma: a systematic review","volume":"35","author":"Surov A","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anticancer Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ecl.2007.12.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21726"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19880915)62:6<1153::AID-CNCR2820620619>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199310000-00001"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.2840060113"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000326994"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(97)90016-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-018-0199-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/PXMU-LF05-3894-W29F"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000331089"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.10119"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000008651"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_17_1","first-page":"2301","article-title":"Hemangioendothelioma of thyroid gland","volume":"15","author":"Rice CO","year":"1931","journal-title":"Am J Cancer"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19800715)46:2<368::AID-CNCR2820460226>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_19_1","first-page":"129","volume-title":"WHO Classification of Tumors of Endocrine Organs","author":"Wick MR","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000366151"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02739838"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000454877"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/mco.2015.703"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_24_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Neurofibroma of the thyroid gland (report of a case)","volume":"32","author":"Capelli A","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Chir Torac Cardiovasc"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otohns.2009.02.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2009.0245"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_27_1","first-page":"743","article-title":"Neurilemmoma (schwannoma) of the thyroid diagnosed by fine needle aspiration cytology","volume":"43","author":"Jayaram G","year":"1999","journal-title":"Acta Cytol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpedsurg.2004.05.035"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2303.1999.00132.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.24523"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11999-010-1401-x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.25520"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000018814"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21195"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2015.134"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasc.2020.04.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqx060"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23496"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_39_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Thyroid paraganglioma: a case report of a rare head and neck tumor","volume":"8","author":"Kiriakopoulos A","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Surg Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(79)80008-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_41_1","first-page":"556","article-title":"Neuroendocrine tumors of the thyroid gland","volume":"115","author":"Baloch ZW","year":"2002","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1871530319666190802142634"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.23317"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199707000-00002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000174012.37439.c7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/ERC-14-0558"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_47_1","first-page":"216","article-title":"Paragangliomas of the head and neck: immunohistochemical neuroendocrine and intermediate filament typing","volume":"1","author":"Johnson TL","year":"1988","journal-title":"Mod Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22390"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.humpath.2012.06.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1510433"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2010.00747.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2559.2004.01776.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02078314"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_54_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24112"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_55_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tbj.13036"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_56_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.23736\/S0390-5616.16.03301-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_57_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/LGT.0b013e3182554a48"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_58_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JMAU.JMAU_42_19"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_59_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-011-9146-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_60_1","first-page":"1499","article-title":"Granular cell tumor of the thyroid in a 16\u2010year\u2010old girl: a rare entity","volume":"9","author":"Xu D","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_61_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2014.2775"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_62_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.16956\/kjes.2015.15.1.20"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_63_1","first-page":"5186","article-title":"Fine needle aspiration cytology of a granular cell tumor arising in the thyroid gland: a case report and review of literature","volume":"7","author":"Chen Q","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_64_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.22851"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_65_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2303.2011.00920.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_66_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.117639"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_67_1","first-page":"385","article-title":"Primary neoplasms of the pleura: a report of five cases","volume":"11","author":"Klemperer P","year":"1931","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_68_1","first-page":"S95","article-title":"Primary spindle cell lesions of the thyroid gland. An overview","volume":"125","author":"Papi G","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_69_1","first-page":"174","article-title":"Metastasis of leiomyosarcoma of the thyroid","volume":"118","author":"Deng XR","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_70_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjorl.2015.11.020"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_71_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.11138\/gchir\/2018.39.1.051"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_72_1","first-page":"304","article-title":"Pulmonary artery leiomyosarcoma with thyroid metastases","volume":"59","author":"D\u2019andrea N","year":"2003","journal-title":"Monaldi Arch Chest Dis"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_73_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/003130299105593"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_74_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19970201)79:3<579::AID-CNCR22>3.0.CO;2-#"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_75_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02385912"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_76_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00313029309084801"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_77_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24413"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_78_1","first-page":"561548","article-title":"AIDS\u2010related EBV\u2010associated smooth muscle tumors: a review of 64 published cases","volume":"10","author":"Purgina B","year":"2011","journal-title":"Path Res Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_79_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01606459"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_80_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00795-013-0056-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_81_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.10264"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_82_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2013.164"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_83_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2017.54"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_84_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199410000-00003"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_85_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379-020-0539-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_86_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/1066896909335507"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_87_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-8652(199810)59:2<161::AID-AJH10>3.0.CO;2-C"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_88_1","first-page":"562","article-title":"A primary lymph node malignancy with features suggestive of dendritic reticulum cell differentiation. A report of 4 cases","volume":"122","author":"Monda L","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_89_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/PAI.0b013e318224a5ce"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_90_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4081\/rt.2017.6834"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_91_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2013.49.3213"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_92_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0347(199905)21:3<273::AID-HED14>3.0.CO;2-Q"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_93_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-60570-8_12"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_94_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/modpathol.2015.130"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_95_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000348801"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_96_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2015-0199-RA"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_97_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12262-014-1118-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_98_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-015-0608-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_99_1","first-page":"184237","article-title":"Langerhans cell histiocytosis of the thyroid with multiple cervical lymph node involvement accompanying metastatic thyroid papillary carcinoma","author":"Ceyran AB","year":"2014","journal-title":"Case Rep Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_100_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1507\/endocrj.EJ11-0243"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_101_1","first-page":"16\u20100087","article-title":"An unusual case of adult\u2010onset multi\u2010systemic Langerhans cell histiocytosis with perianal and incident thyroid involvement","volume":"2","author":"Gul OO","year":"2017","journal-title":"Endocrinol Diabetes Metab Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_102_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/105072501750362781"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_103_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12105-011-0321-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_104_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000007954"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_105_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12022-016-9414-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_106_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.25173"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_107_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/cyt.12709"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_108_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000468505"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_109_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12885-019-5372-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_110_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Association between pituitary Langerhans cell histiocytosis and papillary thyroid carcinoma","volume":"9","author":"Guarino S","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Med Insights Case Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_111_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-9371.93239"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_112_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-019-0847-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_113_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2016-01-690636"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_114_1","first-page":"63","article-title":"Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy. A newly recognized benign clinicopathological entity","volume":"87","author":"Rosai J","year":"1969","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_115_1","first-page":"19","article-title":"Sinus histiocytosis with massive lymphadenopathy (Rosai\u2010Dorfman disease): review of the entity","volume":"7","author":"Foucar E","year":"1990","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_116_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.0192"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_117_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.endinu.2017.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_118_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/105072503321319549"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_119_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2013.28.2.144"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_120_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000151934.18636.d5"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_121_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(20000301)88:5<1149::AID-CNCR27>3.0.CO;2-V"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_122_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000328481"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_123_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/thy.2006.16.1311"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_124_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24216"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_125_1","first-page":"157","volume-title":"The 2017 Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology","author":"Cibas ES","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_15_126_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-015-0707-4"}],"container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncy.22404","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cncy.22404","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncy.22404","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,12]],"date-time":"2025-10-12T15:06:44Z","timestamp":1760281604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cncy.22404"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"references-count":125,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cncy.22404"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncy.22404","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1934-662X","1934-6638"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1934-662X","type":"print"},{"value":"1934-6638","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2020-10-28","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2020-12-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2021-01-25","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}]}}