{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T00:29:58Z","timestamp":1760315398136,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1640563200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102), which is responsible for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID\u201019), is known to cause severe respiratory infections with occasional accompanying pleural effusion (PE), pericardial effusion (PCE), or peritoneal effusion (PTE). The effect of COVID\u201019 on effusion cytology is not yet known. This study aimed to examine the cytomorphologic features and workup of effusion fluids in patients with active COVID\u201019 infection versus those in recovery.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>PE (n = 15), PCE (n = 1), and PTE samples (n = 20) from hospitalized patients with a SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection (from June 1, 2020, to December 30, 2020) were reviewed. Effusion fluids with metastatic carcinoma were excluded. Differential cell counts, cytomorphology, and relevant immunostains for effusion fluids were retrospectively evaluated and compared between patients with active infection (positive on a SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 nucleic acid amplification test [NAAT] within 2 months; n = 23) and those in the recovery phase from COVID\u201019 (negative on a SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 NAAT for &gt;2 months; n = 13).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The cytology diagnoses were negative for malignancy (n = 31), atypical (n = 4), and suspicious for malignancy (n = 1). Active infection cases showed more atypical mesothelial cells than recovery cases (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05); some had enlarged nuclei, prominent nucleoli, occasional multinucleation, and bizarre nuclei. Immunostains were performed more often in active infection cases than recovery cases (47.8% vs 7.7%; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; .05). Differential cell counts (available for 28 cases) showed no significant differences between the active infection and recovery groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study found atypical and bizarre mesothelial cells more often in effusions of cases with active COVID\u201019 infection in comparison with patients in recovery. It is important for cytopathologists to become familiar with the cytomorphologic effects of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 on effusion cytology so that these cases can be properly triaged.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,27]],"date-time":"2021-12-27T14:08:17Z","timestamp":1640614097000},"page":"183-188","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Effusion fluid cytology and COVID\u201019 infection"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"130","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8573-2152","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Rong","family":"Xia","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology New York University Langone Medical Center New York New York"},{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Chicago Chicago Illinois"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9603-9783","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lawrence","family":"Hsu Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology New York University Langone Medical Center New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology New York University Langone Medical Center New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andre L.","family":"Moreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology New York University Langone Medical Center New York New York"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aylin","family":"Simsir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology New York University Langone Medical Center New York New 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