{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,6]],"date-time":"2026-01-06T13:48:29Z","timestamp":1767707309535,"version":"build-2065373602"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672272000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Anal cytology is used in the prevention of anal cancer, which disproportionally affects men who have sex with men (MSM). Data on the incidence of cytologic abnormalities in these individuals are scant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>MSM with baseline negative anal cytology and at least one further adequate cytology were included. Incidence rate for positive atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC\u2010US+) was calculated. Kaplan\u2013Meier curves were compared by log\u2010rank test according to HIV status, baseline high\u2010risk human papillomavirus (HPV) (high\u2010risk HPV\u2010negative, HPV16\u2010positive, other high\u2010risk HPV\u2010positive [non\u2010HPV16]) and high\u2010risk HPV persistence (positive from baseline to the first ASC\u2010US+\u00a0or last visit for those who remained cytologically negative). Cox univariate and multivariate analyses were performed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 250 MSM were included: 52\/153 (34.0%) HIV\u2010uninfected MSM had an ASC\u2010US+\u00a0report at follow\u2010up (incidence: 13.1 \u00d7 100 person\u2010years; 95% CI, 9.8\u201317.2); 48\/97 (49.5%) HIV\u2010infected MSM developed cytologic abnormalities (incidence: 16.0 \u00d7 100 person\u2010years; 95% CI, 11.8\u201321.2). ASC\u2010US+\u00a0incidence in HIV\u2010uninfected and HIV\u2010infected MSM did not differ significantly (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.32). Kaplan\u2013Meier curves did not differ significantly according to baseline high\u2010risk HPV. Differences were significant between those with and without persistent high\u2010risk HPVs, both among HIV\u2010uninfected (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.03) and HIV\u2010infected MSM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a0.008). Age (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.98; 95% CI, 0.96\u20130.99), high\u2010risk HPV persistence (aHR, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.02\u20132.39), and condomless receptive anal sex (aHR, 1.99; 95% CI, 1.31\u20133.03) were predictors for incident ASC\u2010US+.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Despite the limited number of subjects, in our study HIV\u2010uninfected and HIV\u2010infected MSM have a similar ASC\u2010US+\u00a0incidence. Occurrence of ASC\u2010US+ was significantly affected by age, high\u2010risk HPV persistence, and condomless receptive anal sex. The assessment of HPV persistence might identify those MSM at higher risk for anal lesions.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22675","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]],"date-time":"2022-12-29T23:29:12Z","timestamp":1672356552000},"page":"262-270","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Incidence of abnormal anal cytology in HIV\u2010infected and HIV\u2010uninfected men who have sex with men"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"131","author":[{"given":"Maria","family":"Benevolo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Latini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STI\/HIV Unit San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2724-872X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Francesca","family":"Rollo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STI\/HIV Unit San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amalia","family":"Giglio","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology and Clinical Pathology Department San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eugenia","family":"Giuliani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Direction San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"Cristaudo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Dermatology San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Aldo","family":"Morrone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Direction San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria Gabriella","family":"Don\u00e0","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"STI\/HIV Unit San Gallicano Dermatological Institute IRCCS  Rome Italy"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,29]]},"reference":[{"volume-title":"IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans","year":"2012","author":"International Agency for Research on Cancer. 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