{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T06:11:46Z","timestamp":1780467106829,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778976000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,17]],"date-time":"2026-05-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778976000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Urine cytology is a noninvasive tool for detecting urothelial carcinoma, yet its performance depends heavily on expert cytologists and time\u2010intensive glass slide review. Artificial intelligence (AI)\u2013assisted digital cytology has emerged as a potential solution to improve diagnostic sensitivity and workflow efficiency. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic performance and workflow impact of AIxURO, an AI\u2010assisted digital urine cytology system, in a high\u2010volume US medical center.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Two hundred ThinPrep cytology slides were digitized with two distinct customized scanners integrated into the AIxURO imaging system (AIS\u20101 and AIS\u20102). Three reviewers independently assessed each case across three diagnostic modalities: microscopy, AIxURO\u2013AIS\u20101, and AIxURO\u2013AIS\u20102. Performance for binary bladder cancer detection was compared against expert consensus cytology diagnoses; review time, biopsy correlation, and performance in patients presenting with hematuria were also evaluated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      AIxURO (AIS\u20101 and AIS\u20102) improved diagnostic sensitivity (85.0% and 88.3%) and negative predictive value (NPV) (85.1% and 87.6%) relative to microscopy (79.3% and 82.0%), whereas accuracy remained comparable across modalities. These sensitivity gains were accompanied by lower specificity (85.7% and 82.3% vs. 94.3%) and positive predictive value (PPV) (85.6% and 83.3% vs. 93.3%) compared with microscopy. Both AI modalities reduced classifying atypical urothelial cells and above cases as negative for high\u2010grade urothelial carcinoma cases, and shortened median review time by 66%\u201378% (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u00a0&lt;\u00a0.0001). Among the 200 cases, 98 (49%) had biopsy confirmation, in which AIxURO showed higher sensitivity and NPV than microscopy. In 16 hematuria cases with biopsy correlation, AI\u2010assisted screening achieved superior diagnostic performance.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>AIxURO enhances sensitivity for detecting urothelial carcinoma and markedly improves screening efficiency, with a tradeoff of reduced specificity\/PPV compared with microscopy.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.70110","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,18]],"date-time":"2026-05-18T05:56:13Z","timestamp":1779083773000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Enhancing urothelial carcinoma diagnosis with artificial intelligence\u2013integrated urine cytology: Biopsy\u2010validated accuracy and efficiency gain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2828-532X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sigfred","family":"Lajara","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Cuda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0297-1965","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel L.","family":"Geisler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Caroline","family":"Staniszewski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei\u2010Lei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIxMed, Inc  Santa Clara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karen","family":"Atkison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIxMed, Inc  Santa Clara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chih\u2010Yun","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIxMed, Inc  Santa Clara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guowei","family":"Shao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIxMed, Inc  Santa Clara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tien\u2010Jen","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIxMed, Inc  Santa Clara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Crothers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"AIxMed, Inc  Santa Clara California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rajiv","family":"Dhir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samer N.","family":"Khader","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania 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