{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T05:42:13Z","timestamp":1792561333176,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Accurate classification of lung tumors in cytology specimens and small biopsies remains a diagnostic challenge because of limited cellularity, preanalytical variables, and significant morphologic overlap among entities. This review summarizes key cytomorphologic characteristics and practical immunocytochemical strategies, and common diagnostic pitfalls encountered in the evaluation of non\u2010small cell lung carcinoma, small cell lung carcinoma, neuroendocrine tumors, secondary pulmonary neoplasms, and uncommon thoracic entities in endobronchial ultrasound\u2010guided transbronchial needle aspiration and fine\u2010needle aspiration samples. Particular emphasis is placed on the appropriate use of limited immunohistochemical panels to optimize tumor subtyping while preserving material for molecular testing. Diagnostic challenges such as crush artifact, necrosis, reactive mimics, overlapping morphologic patterns, and the risk of misclassification of rare tumors are addressed with practical guidance for differential diagnosis. By integrating morphologic assessment with ancillary testing, cytopathologists can achieve accurate tumor subtyping, distinguish mimics, and provide precise diagnoses that guide clinical management and selection of targeted therapies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.70150","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T05:11:17Z","timestamp":1792559477000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Non\u2010small cell lung carcinoma and its mimics on cytology and small biopsy samples: a practical approach aligned with the WHO Reporting System"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"given":"Ricella Souza da","family":"Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"IPATIMUP Diagnostics IPATIMUP \u2013 Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology RISE (Health Research Network) Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3711-8681","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fernando","family":"Schmitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"IPATIMUP Diagnostics IPATIMUP \u2013 Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of Porto University  Porto Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Pathology RISE (Health Research Network) Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"1024","volume-title":"Amin MB, American Joint Committee on Cancer, American Cancer Society. editors. AJCC cancer staging manual. Eight edition \/ editor\u2010in\u2010chief, Mahul B. Amin, MD, FCAP ; editors, Stephen B. Edge, MD, FACS [and 16 others] ; Donna M. Gress, RHIT, CTR\u2010Technical editor ; Laura R. Meyer, CAPM\u2010Managing editor. Chicago IL: American Joint Committee on Cancer","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2021.11.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.path.2019.11.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Wyker A","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasc.2020.04.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3747\/co.19.871"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.21527"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejro.2019.04.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arbr.2017.09.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22234"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasc.2020.04.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2016\u20100156\u2010RA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2020\u20100119\u2010CP"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hpr.2024.300735"},{"issue":"4","key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","first-page":"367","article-title":"Lung cancer cytology: potential pitfalls and mimics \u2010 a review","volume":"3","author":"Idowu MO","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int J Clin Exp Pathol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.21396"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2018.00188"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41379\u2010020\u201000661\u20101"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0970\u20109371.103948"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/jtd.2018.12.04"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","unstructured":"WHO Reporting System for Lung Cytopathology. IAC\u2010IARC\u2010WHO Cytopathology Reporting Systems.2016."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtho.2022.02.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2012\u20100263\u2010RA"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/JOC.JOC_94_20"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00428\u2010020\u201003015\u2010z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","volume-title":"Thoracic tumours","author":"Organisation mondiale de la sant\u00e9, Centre international de recherche sur le cancer","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/his.15058"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/dc.24449"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572\u2010020\u201000235\u20100"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cllc.2019.07.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22398"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jasc.2022.07.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22509"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2017.00043"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_36_1","unstructured":"Board WC of TE.Thoracic Tumours [Internet]. [cited 2024 Sep 3]. Available from.https:\/\/publications.iarc.fr\/Book\u2010And\u2010Report\u2010Series\/Who\u2010Classification\u2010Of\u2010Tumours\/Thoracic\u2010Tumours\u20102021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22709"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22919"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.22342"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fonc.2023.1308432"}],"container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncy.70150","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1002\/cncy.70150","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cncy.70150","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,21]],"date-time":"2026-10-21T05:11:20Z","timestamp":1792559480000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cncy.70150"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cncy.70150"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cncy.70150","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1934-662X","1934-6638"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1934-662X","type":"print"},{"value":"1934-6638","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-03-24","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-10-20","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70150"}}