{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:49:47Z","timestamp":1791874187319,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1791763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100005923","name":"International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100005923","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["acsjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Cancer Cytopathology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is essential for tumor subtyping and predictive biomarker analysis in non\u2013small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). When only cytological material is available and no concurrent biopsy or cell block exists, immunocytochemistry (ICC) may need to be performed on slides prepared using diverse fixation protocols, introducing substantial pre\u2010analytical variability.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seven laboratories representing commonly used cytology fixation protocols were selected based on an exploratory global survey of 63 institutions. Two central laboratories prepared direct smears, cytospins and provided cells in PreservCyt from specimens with confirmed marker expression using the selected fixation protocols. Materials were distributed for immunocytochemical demonstration of TTF\u20101, p40,\n                      <jats:italic>ALK<\/jats:italic>\n                      , and ROS1 according to local protocols. Digitized slides were independently evaluated using standardized four\u2010tier scoring criteria.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Result<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 105 stained slides from 17 study runs were assessed. Delaunay\u2010fixed, Papanicolaou\u2010stained, and methanol\u2010fixed polyethylene glycol\u2010coated preparations demonstrated consistently superior ICC performance compared with other evaluated fixation protocols. In contrast, high rates of suboptimal staining were observed with PreservCyt fixation (81.8%) and air\u2010dried preparations (58.8%).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study demonstrates that fixation protocol significantly impacts ICC performance on non\u2013cell block cytological preparations. The observed fixation\u2010dependent differences underscore the need for harmonized pre\u2010analytical practices, robust local validation, and external quality assessment.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1002\/cncy.70159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:16:17Z","timestamp":1791872177000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluating immunocytochemistry performance in lung cancer cytology: An IASLC Cytology Working Group study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"134","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5315-9814","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Deepali","family":"Jain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi  Delhi India"},{"name":"Department of Pathology University of Pittsburgh Medical Center  Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0934-0469","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Irena","family":"Srebotnik\u2010Kirbis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology Faculty of Medicine University of Ljubljana  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aruna","family":"Nambirajan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi  Delhi India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"Engels","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Pathology University of Cologne, Medical Faculty  Cologne Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Izidor","family":"Kern","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Cytology and Pathology Laboratory University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik  Golnik Slovenia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae\u2010Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Hospital Pathology Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital College of Medicine The Catholic University of Korea  Seoul Republic of Korea"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6796-9380","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Dolores","family":"Lozano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Pathology Department Cl\u00ednica Universitaria de Navarra  Pamplona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuko","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology National Hospital Organization Ibarakihigashi National Hospital The Center of Chest Diseases and Severe Motor &amp; Intellectual Disabilities  Tokai 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