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An acoustic trauma, induced by applying click stimuli of 130 dB (sound pressure level; SPL) for 30 minutes, resulted in an instant and permanent threshold shift of 95.92 \u00b1 1.08 dB (SEM) in the affected ear. We observed, as a consequence, a structural deterioration of the organ of Corti. Deprivation\u2010dependent changes of neurons of the auditory brainstem were determined using antibodies against neurofilament and the growth\u2010associated protein GAP\u201043 and compared with those following cochleotomy, studied earlier. By 231 days posttrauma, spiral ganglion cell bodies and their processes were almost entirely lost from all cochlear regions with destroyed organ of Corti. In the lateral superior olive (LSO) ipsilateral to the trauma, cell bodies of lateral olivocochlear neurons turned transiently GAP\u201043 positive within the first 1.5 years posttrauma. The time course of emergence and disappearance of this population of neurons was similar to that found after cochleotomy. Additionally, after noise trauma, principal cells in contralateral LSO and in medial superior olive (MSO) on both sides of the brainstem developed an expression of GAP\u201043 that began 3 and 16 days posttrauma, respectively, and lasted for at least 1 year. Such cells were rarely observed after cochleotomy. An unequivocal rise in GAP\u201043 immunoreactivity was also found in the neuropil of the inferior colliculus and the ventral cochlear nucleus, both preferentially on the acoustically damaged side. We conclude that the degree and specific cause of sudden unilateral deafness entail specific patterns of plasticity responses in the auditory brainstem, possibly to prevent the neural network dedicated to locate sounds in the environment from delivering erroneous signals centralward. J. Comp. Neurol. 451:250\u2013266, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10348","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,9,5]],"date-time":"2002-09-05T20:22:15Z","timestamp":1031257335000},"page":"250-266","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["Acoustic trauma induces reemergence of the growth\u2010 and plasticity\u2010associated protein GAP\u201043 in the rat auditory brainstem"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"451","author":[{"given":"Steffen A.","family":"Michler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert\u2010Benjamin","family":"Illing","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901830305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90168-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)61716-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)63187-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1997.6636"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Noise\u2010induced hearing loss. 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