{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,27]],"date-time":"2025-10-27T15:47:48Z","timestamp":1761580068909},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,30]],"date-time":"2002-08-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1030665600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Programmed cell death is a prominent feature of neural development that is regulated by a variety of cell\u2013cell interactions. We used the avian ciliary ganglion to dissect the relative contributions of target tissues vs. ganglionic inputs in regulating cell death. The two populations of the ciliary ganglion innervate different targets: choroid neurons innervate vasculature, whereas ciliary neurons innervate the iris and ciliary body. By counting after labeling all neurons with Islet\u20101 and choroid neurons with anti\u2010somatostatin, we determined that \u03b1\u2010bungarotoxin (\u03b1\u2010btx) at 12.5 \u03bcg\/day rescued only ciliary neurons, whereas 75 \u03bcg\/day rescued both ciliary and choroid neurons. It is unlikely that \u03b1\u2010btx acted by blocking nerve transmission at both targets because the choroid vasculature lacked transcripts for \u03b1\u2010btx binding molecules. In addition, no inherent trophic activity could be ascribed to \u03b1\u2010btx, and survival could not be attributed to differences in total trophic activity of eyes from saline vs. \u03b1\u2010btx\u2013treated embryos. In contrast, the \u03b17 antagonist \u03b1\u2010methyllycaconitine (MLA) rescued ciliary neurons at 2.6 \u03bcg\/day, whereas 26 \u03bcg\/day rescued choroid neurons. Nerve terminals of ciliary neurons rescued with \u03b1\u2010btx were significantly larger; however, differences in nerve terminal size or branching of axons were not observed in ciliary neurons rescued with MLA or choroid neurons rescued by either MLA or \u03b1\u2010btx. Our results suggest that neuronal survival can be promoted independently of changes at the target tissues when orthograde signals acting by means of neuronal \u03b17 nicotinic receptors are blocked. J. Comp. Neurol. 452:80\u201392, 2002. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10363","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,8]],"date-time":"2002-10-08T23:02:27Z","timestamp":1034118147000},"page":"80-92","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Developmental cell death in vivo: Rescue of neurons independently of changes at target tissues"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"452","author":[{"given":"Gillian L.","family":"Bunker","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rae","family":"Nishi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"45","article-title":"Neurotrophins: a family of proteins supporting the survival of neurons","volume":"390","author":"Barde YA","year":"1994","journal-title":"Prog Clin Biol 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