{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T04:32:50Z","timestamp":1790829170885,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,30]],"date-time":"2002-12-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1041206400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Textbooks of embryology provide a standard set of drawings and text reflecting the traditional interpretation of phrenic nerve and diaphragm development based on anatomical dissections of embryonic tissue. Here, we revisit this issue, taking advantage of immunohistochemical markers for muscle precursors in conjunction with mouse mutants to perform a systematic examination of phrenic\u2010diaphragm embryogenesis. This includes examining the spatiotemporal relationship of phrenic axon outgrowth and muscle precursors during different stages of myogenesis. Additionally, mutant mice lacking c\u2010met receptors were used to visualize the mesenchymal substratum of the developing diaphragm in the absence of myogenic cells. We found no evidence for contributions to the diaphragm musculature from the lateral body wall, septum transversum, or esophageal mesenchyme, as standard dogma would state. Nor did the data support the hypothesis that the crural diaphragm is of distinct embryological origins. Rather, we found that myogenic cells and axons destined to form the neuromuscular component of the diaphragm coalesce within the pleuroperitoneal fold (PPF). It is the expansion of these components of the PPF that leads to the formation of the diaphragm. Furthermore, we extended these studies to examine the developing diaphragm in an animal model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). We find that malformation of the PPF mesenchymal substratum leads to the defect characteristic of CDH. In summary, the data demonstrates that a significant revision of narratives describing normal and pathological development of the diaphragm is warranted. J. Comp. Neurol. 455:477\u2013487, 2003. \u00a9 2002 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.10503","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,1]],"date-time":"2003-01-01T02:21:31Z","timestamp":1041387691000},"page":"477-487","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":133,"title":["Embryological origins and development of the rat diaphragm"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"455","author":[{"given":"Randal P.","family":"Babiuk","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robin","family":"Clugston","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Douglas W.","family":"Allan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John J.","family":"Greer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1997.83.2.338"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19970616)382:4<459::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19980216)391:3<275::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-Z"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090520203"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/376768a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.120.3.603"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","article-title":"Activation of the retinoid response element is inhibited in an animal model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia","author":"Chen M","journal-title":"Biol Neonate"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.7244632"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ptj\/73.12.857"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","first-page":"969","article-title":"Generation of respiratory and locomotor patterns by an in vitro brain stem\u2010spinal cord fetal rat preparation","volume":"69","author":"Greer JJ","year":"1992","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-0496(200005)29:5<394::AID-PPUL9>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2000.89.6.2123"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","unstructured":"GreerJJ MeyJ BabiukRP ClugstonR.2002.Retinal dehydrogenase is inhibited by compounds that induce congenital diaphragmatic hernia. Pediatric Academic Societies' Meeting Abstr.1939."},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rstb.1981.0078"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","volume-title":"Comparative anatomy of the vertebrates","author":"Kent GC","year":"1978"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.2001.91.1.316"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","volume-title":"Medical embryology","author":"Langman J","year":"1977"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/35074025"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-4773(98)00168-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.950170307"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.2000.80.3.1021"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/aja.1002030305"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0012-1606(88)90314-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","first-page":"107","article-title":"Development of the human diaphragm and pleural sacs","volume":"35","author":"Wells LJ","year":"1954","journal-title":"Contrib Embryol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0095-5108(18)30211-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.7.2163"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/excr.2001.5282"}],"container-title":["Journal of Comparative Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1002%2Fcne.10503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1002\/cne.10503","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,11,17]],"date-time":"2023-11-17T15:48:49Z","timestamp":1700236129000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/cne.10503"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,30]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2003,1,20]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1002\/cne.10503"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/cne.10503","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0021-9967","1096-9861"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0021-9967","type":"print"},{"value":"1096-9861","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2002,12,30]]}}}