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Neurons in the isthmo\u2010optic nucleus (ION) of chick embryos respond to exogenous brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Relatively high concentrations of endogenous BDNF were present in the ION of 14\u201318\u2010day\u2010old chick embryos. ION target cells in the retina were immunolabeled for BDNF but showed surprisingly low levels of BDNF mRNA. These data suggest that ION target cells derive some BDNF from other retinal sources. No BDNF mRNA was detected in the ION itself. ION neurons had a very efficient retrograde transport system for BDNF and exogenous BDNF arrived in the ION intact. When the ION was deprived of endogenous trkB ligands by injection of trkB fusion proteins in the eye, cell death of ION neurons was enhanced, and this effect was mimicked by BDNF\u2010specific blocking antibodies in the eye. TrkB fusion proteins in the retina induced cell death of ION neurons prior to visible effects on ION target cells in the retina. Immunolabel for endogenous BDNF was sparse in pyknotic ION neurons, suggesting that ION neurons with low BDNF content were eliminated by apoptosis. These data show that BDNF is an essential target\u2010derived trophic factor for developing ION neurons and thereby validate the neurotrophic hypothesis for at least one neuronal population in the brain. J. Comp. Neurol. 433:550\u2013564, 2001. \u00a9 2001 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1159","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,8,25]],"date-time":"2002-08-25T20:23:10Z","timestamp":1030306990000},"page":"550-564","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Target\u2010derived BDNF (brain\u2010derived neurotrophic factor) is essential for the survival of developing neurons in the isthmo\u2010optic nucleus"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"433","author":[{"given":"Christopher S.","family":"Von Bartheld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James E.","family":"Johnson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/374450a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3623","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-10-03623.1997","article-title":"TrkB signaling is required for postnatal survival of CNS neurons and protects hippocampal and motor neurons from axotomy\u2010induced cell death","volume":"17","author":"Alcantara S","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480251102"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000111671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01744257"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ne.18.030195.001255"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902620405"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902620406"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/mcne.1997.0641"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902340307"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/neu.480230907"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0091-679X(08)61933-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901670202"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.17-07-02295.1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/REVNEURO.1998.9.2.91"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/exnr.1998.6836"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0952523800011573"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/368147a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/smns.1996.0018"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19990301)405:1<1::AID-CNE1>3.0.CO;2-U"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(96)01007-7","article-title":"The role of neurotrophic factors in regulating the development of inner ear innervation","volume":"20","author":"Fritzsch B","year":"1998","journal-title":"Trends Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-05-01740.1996","article-title":"Expression of TrkB receptor isoforms in the developing avian visual system","volume":"16","author":"Garner AS","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-2236(00)01559-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-4547(19971001)50:1<104::AID-JNR11>3.0.CO;2-B"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0165-3806(91)90225-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0306-4522(00)00309-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960122)364:4<664::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmor.1050880104"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"HattonWJ von BartheldCS.1999.Analysis of cell death in the trochlear nucleus of the chick embryo: calibration of the optical disector counting method reveals systematic bias. 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