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These axons grow within large mixed bundles in the olfactory nerve and then sort out into homotypic fascicles in the nerve fiber layer of the olfactory bulb before terminating in topographically fixed glomeruli. Carbohydrates expressed on the cell surface have been implicated in axon sorting within the nerve fiber layer. We have identified two novel subpopulations of primary olfactory neurons that express distinct \u03b1\u2010extended lactoseries carbohydrates recognised by monoclonal antibodies LA4 and KH10. Both carbohydrate epitopes are present on novel glycoforms of the neural cell adhesion molecule, which we have named NOC\u20107 and NOC\u20108. Primary axon fasciculation is disrupted in vitro when interactions between these cell surface lactoseries carbohydrates and their endogenous binding molecules are inhibited by the LA4 and KH10 antibodies or lactosamine sugars. We report the expression of multiple members of the lactoseries binding galectin family in the primary olfactory system. In particular, galectin\u20103 is expressed by ensheathing cells surrounding nerve fascicles in the submucosa and nerve fiber layer, where it may mediate cross\u2010linking of axons. Galectin\u20104, \u20107, and \u20108 are expressed by the primary olfactory axons as they grow from the nasal cavity to the olfactory bulb. A putative role for NOC\u20107 and NOC\u20108 in axon fasciculation and the expression of multiple galectins in the developing olfactory nerve suggest that these molecules may be involved in the formation of this pathway, particularly in the sorting of axons as they converge towards their target. J. Comp. Neurol. 475:289\u2013302, 2004. \u00a9 2004 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20167","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,6,18]],"date-time":"2004-06-18T20:02:59Z","timestamp":1087588979000},"page":"289-302","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Expression and putative role of lactoseries carbohydrates present on NCAM in the rat primary olfactory pathway"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"475","author":[{"given":"Melonie 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