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To investigate the functional significance of ER in these brain areas, we examined the neuropeptide characteristics of ER\u2010expressing neurons in the PVN and SON of female rats by using dual\u2010label immunocytochemistry. The distributions of ER\u2010\u03b1 immunoreactivity (ir) and ER\u2010\u03b2 ir were nonoverlapping in the PVN and SON. Nuclear ER\u2010\u03b1 ir was found in a population of thyrotropin\u2010releasing hormone (TRH)\u2010expressing neurons in the PVN (5.93% \u00b1 1.20% SEM), but not in any other identified cell phenotype of the PVN and SON. The phenotype of neurons with the highest percentage expressing ER\u2010\u03b2 was found to be prolactin (PRL) immunoreactive in both the parvocellular (84.95% \u00b1 4.11%) and the magnocellular (84.76% \u00b1 3.40%) parts of the PVN as well as the SON (87.57% \u00b1 4.64%). Similarly, most vasopressin\u2010immunoreactive neurons were also ER\u2010\u03b2 positive in the PVN (66.14% \u00b1 2.47%) and SON (72.42% \u00b1 4.51%). In contrast, although a high percentage of oxytocin (OXY) neurons coexpressed ER\u2010\u03b2 in the PVN (84.39% \u00b1 2.99%), there was very little ER\u2010\u03b2\/OXY colocalization in the SON. Low levels of corticotropin\u2010releasing hormone neurons also expressed ER\u2010\u03b2 ir in the PVN (12.57% \u00b1 1.99%), but there was no ER\u2010\u03b2 colocalization with TRH. In summary, these findings further support the possibility of direct effects of estrogen on neuropeptide expression and implicate estrogen involvement in the regulation of various aspects of neuroendocrine function. J. Comp. Neurol. 484:28\u201342, 2005. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20457","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,2,16]],"date-time":"2005-02-16T19:22:13Z","timestamp":1108581733000},"page":"28-42","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":90,"title":["Estrogen receptor\u2010\u03b2, but not estrogen receptor\u2010\u03b1, is expressed in prolactin neurons of the female rat paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei: Comparison with other neuropeptides"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"484","author":[{"given":"Shotaro","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robert 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