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The present study investigated the effect of withdrawal from progesterone (PWD) on expression of \u03b14, \u03b21, and \u03b4 GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor subunits in neurons within the panic circuitry of the midbrain periaqueductal gray matter (PAG) in adult female Wistar rats. Immunostaining for \u03b14, \u03b21, and \u03b4 GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor subunits was present in neurons throughout the PAG in vehicle\u2010treated animals (VEH), in rats after 24 hours withdrawal from a progesterone dosing regime (PWD, 5 mg kg<jats:sup>\u20101<\/jats:sup> i.p. twice daily for 6 days), and in animals maintained on progesterone for 7 days (HP). Compared to HP and VEH animals, which did not differ significantly from each other, the number of immunostained neurons present in the PAG of PWD rats was significantly higher. The effect was most pronounced in the dorsolateral column of the PAG. The parallel changes in the three GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor subunits suggests that falling progesterone levels may be associated with expression of new receptors of the \u03b14\u03b21\u03b4 subtype. This could lead to functional changes in GABAergic transmission within the PAG. We suggest that changes in GABA<jats:sub>A<\/jats:sub> receptor\u2010mediated inhibitory tone in the PAG consequent to withdrawal from progesterone may contribute to the increased anxiety and susceptibility to panic seen during the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle in PMDD and PD patients. J. Comp. Neurol. 486:89\u201397, 2005. \u00a9 2005 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20540","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]],"date-time":"2005-04-15T16:17:13Z","timestamp":1113581833000},"page":"89-97","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Withdrawal from progesterone increases expression of \u03b14, \u03b21, and \u03b4 GABA<sub>A<\/sub> receptor subunits in neurons in the periaqueductal gray matter in female Wistar rats"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"486","author":[{"given":"Jenny","family":"Griffiths","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thelma","family":"Lovick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2005,4,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.1090940210"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and 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