{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,16]],"date-time":"2026-10-16T19:32:07Z","timestamp":1792179127291,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,24]],"date-time":"2006-03-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1143158400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,5,20]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, the peptide VYRKPPFNGSIFamide (Val<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u2010SIFamide) was identified in the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) of the American lobster, <jats:italic>Homarus americanus<\/jats:italic>, using matrix\u2010assisted laser desorption\/ionization\u2010Fourier transform mass spectrometry (MALDI\u2010FTMS). When bath\u2010applied to the stomatogastric ganglion (STG), synthetic Val<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u2010SIFamide activated the pyloric motor pattern, increasing both burst amplitude and duration in the pyloric dilator (PD) neurons. To determine the distribution of this novel SIFamide isoform within the lobster STNS and neuroendocrine organs, a rabbit polyclonal antibody was generated against synthetic Val<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u2010SIFamide. Whole\u2010mount immunolabeling with this antibody showed that this peptide is widely distributed within the STNS, including extensive neuropil staining in the STG and commissural ganglia (CoGs) as well as immunopositive somata in the CoGs and the oesophageal ganglion. Labeling was also occasionally seen in the pericardial organ (PO), but not in the sinus gland. When present in the PO, labeling was restricted to fibers\u2010of\u2010passage and was never seen in release terminals. Adsorption of the antibody by either Val<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u2010SIFamide or Gly<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u2010SIFamide abolished all Val<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u2010SIFamide staining within the STNS, including the STG neuropil, whereas adsorption by other lobster neuropeptides had no effect on immunolabeling. These data strongly suggest that the staining we report is a true reflection of the distribution of this peptide in the STNS. Collectively, our mass spectrometric, physiological, and anatomical data are consistent with Val<jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u2010SIFamide serving as a locally released neuromodulator in the lobster STG. Thus, our study provides the first direct demonstration of function for an SIFamide isoform in any species. J. Comp. Neurol. 496:406\u2013421, 2006. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20932","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,24]],"date-time":"2006-03-24T22:47:01Z","timestamp":1143240421000},"page":"406-421","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":57,"title":["Identification, physiological actions, and distribution of VYRKPPFNGSIFamide (Val<sup>1<\/sup>\u2010SIFamide) in the stomatogastric nervous system of the American lobster <i>Homarus americanus<\/i>"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"496","author":[{"given":"Andrew E.","family":"Christie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth A.","family":"Stemmler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Braulio","family":"Peguero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daniel I.","family":"Messinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heather L.","family":"Provencher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pieter","family":"Scheerlinck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun\u2010Wei A.","family":"Hsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maureen E.","family":"Guiney","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Horacio O.","family":"de la Iglesia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patsy S.","family":"Dickinson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,3,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2003.07.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","series-title":"Invertebrate endocrinology","first-page":"235","volume-title":"Endocrinology of selected invertebrate types","author":"Beltz B","year":"1988"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.109.1.35","article-title":"Serotonergic innervation and modulation of the stomatogastric ganglion of three decapod crustaceans (Panulirus interruptus, Homarus americanus and Cancer irroratus)","volume":"109","author":"Beltz B","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1074\/mcp.M300076-MCP200"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2431","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.198.12.2431","article-title":"Matrix of neuromodulators in neurosecretory structures of the crab, Cancer borealis","volume":"198","author":"Christie A","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s004410050801"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-6480(03)00158-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","series-title":"The biology of Crustacea","first-page":"206","volume-title":"Neurobiology: structure and function","author":"Cooke I","year":"1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","volume-title":"SIFamides in stomatogastric nervous system and neuroendocrine organs of decapod crustaceans","author":"Dickinson PS","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","series-title":"Microscopic anatomy of invertebrates","first-page":"345","volume-title":"Decapod Crustacea","author":"Fingerman M","year":"1992"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.peptides.2005.03.040"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.20773"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","first-page":"75","volume-title":"The crustacean stomatogastric system","author":"Hartline DK","year":"1987"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1988.59.2.551","article-title":"Gastric mill activity in the lobster. 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