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Rabies uptake involved exclusively motor endplates within the injected portion of the muscle. At 2.5 days after injections, remarkable differences of innervation of slow and fast MNs were demonstrated. Premotor connectivity of <jats:italic>slow<\/jats:italic> MNs, revealed here for the first time, involves mainly the supraoculomotor area, central mesencephalic reticular formation, and portions of medial vestibular and prepositus hypoglossi nuclei carrying eye position and smooth pursuit signals. Results suggest that slow MNs are involved exclusively in slow eye movements (vergence and possibly smooth pursuit), muscle length stabilization and gaze holding (fixation), and rule out their participation in fast eye movements (saccades, vestibulo\u2010ocular reflex). By contrast, all known monosynaptic pathways to LR MNs innervate <jats:italic>fast<\/jats:italic> MNs, showing their participation in the entire horizontal eye movements repertoire. Hitherto unknown monosynaptic connections were also revealed, such as those derived from the central mesencephalic reticular formation and vertical eye movements pathways (Y group, interstitial nucleus of Cajal, rostral interstitial nucleus of the medial longitudinal fasciculus). The different connectivity of fast and slow MNs parallel differences in properties of muscle fibers that they innervate, suggesting that muscle fibers properties, rather than being self\u2010determined, are the result of differences of their premotor innervation. J. Comp. Neurol. 498:762\u2013785, 2006. \u00a9 2006 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21092","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,22]],"date-time":"2006-08-22T22:34:18Z","timestamp":1156286058000},"page":"762-785","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":116,"title":["Horizontal eye movement networks in primates as revealed by retrograde transneuronal transfer of rabies virus: Differences in monosynaptic input to \u201cslow\u201d and \u201cfast\u201d abducens motoneurons"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"498","author":[{"given":"Gabriella","family":"Ugolini","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fran\u00e7ois","family":"Klam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria","family":"Doldan Dans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Dubayle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne\u2010Marie","family":"Brandi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"B\u00fcttner\u2010Ennever","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Werner","family":"Graf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.2000.84.2.1035"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(86)90823-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.902680103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1940.00860131170010"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.901970103"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-8993(78)90948-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960304)366:2<348::AID-CNE12>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.1318"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2002.tb02810.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s002219900280"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1982.48.1.75"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1994.71.3.1111","article-title":"Characteristics of antidromically identified oculomotor internuclear neurons during vergence and versional eye movements","volume":"71","author":"Clendaniel RA","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurophysiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00231143"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00237847"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0079-6123(08)63419-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.2047862"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(92)90529-B","article-title":"Role of GABA in the extraocular motor nuclei of the cat: a post\u2010embedding immunocytochemical study","volume":"51","author":"De la Cruz RR","year":"1992","journal-title":"Neuroscience"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01338561"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(84)90141-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1975.38.5.1140"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.conb.2003.10.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-0102(95)00904-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0301-0082(92)90016-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.01128.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1989.62.1.70"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1977.40.3.573","article-title":"Anatomy and physiology of goldfish oculomotor system. 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