{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,12]],"date-time":"2026-09-12T01:34:01Z","timestamp":1789176841692,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,13]],"date-time":"2007-04-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1176422400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>As a first step toward understanding the evolution of neuronal patterning and function in a group of simple animals, we have examined serotonin\u2010containing neurons in 17 species of free\u2010living rhabditid nematodes and compared them with identified neurons of <jats:italic>Caenorhabditis elegans<\/jats:italic>. We found many serotonin\u2010immunoreactive (serotonin\u2010IR) neurons that are likely homologs of those in <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>; this paper focuses on sex\u2010specific neurons such as the egg laying hermaphrodite\u2010specific neurons (HSNs), VCs, and male CAs, CPs, and ray sensory neurons known to function in mating. These cells vary in number and position in the species examined but are consistent with a current molecularly based phylogeny. Two groups (<jats:italic>Oscheius<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Pristionchus<\/jats:italic>) appear independently to have lost a serotonin\u2010IR HSN. <jats:italic>Oscheius<\/jats:italic> furthermore has no serotonin\u2010IR innervation of the vulval region, in contrast to every other species we examined. We also saw variation in the location of somas of putative HSN, consistent with evolutionary changes in HSN migration. In <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic>, the HSN soma migrates during embryogenesis from the tail to the central body, where it innervates its major postsynaptic targets, the vulval muscles. For other species, we observed putative HSN homologs along the anterior\u2010posterior axis from the head to the tail, but typically HSNs were located near the vulva, which also varies in anterior\u2010posterior position among the species we examined. The varying positions of the HSN somas in other species are reminiscent of phenotypes seen in various <jats:italic>C. elegans<\/jats:italic> mutants with altered HSN migration, suggesting possible mechanisms for the evolutionary differences we observed. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:736\u2013767, 2007. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,13]],"date-time":"2007-04-13T17:47:28Z","timestamp":1176486448000},"page":"736-767","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Evolution of neuronal patterning in free\u2010living rhabditid nematodes I: Sex\u2010specific serotonin\u2010containing neurons"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"502","author":[{"given":"Curtis M.","family":"Loer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Rivard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8060","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-22-08060.2003","article-title":"Genetic and cellular basis for acetylcholine inhibition of Caenorhabditis elegans egg laying behavior","volume":"23","author":"Bany IA","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.13.4.472"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/32160"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/genetics\/77.1.71"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(93)90293-Y"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/336638a0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-01-00072.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.2001.280.6.C1616"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-9525(99)01728-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.278.5337.452"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-4159.2003.02140.x","article-title":"The voltage\u2010gated calcium channel UNC\u20102 is involved in stress\u2010mediated regulation of tryptophan hydroxylase","volume":"88","author":"Estevez M","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Neurochem"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1098\/rspb.1999.0823"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1163\/156854100508809"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.2000.9665"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/sysbio\/46.1.145"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1831","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.124.9.1831","article-title":"Genes necessary for C. elegans cell and growth cone migrations","volume":"124","author":"Forrester WC","year":"1997","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/23722"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1534\/genetics.104.031781"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.7.11.2097"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3509","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.122.11.3509","article-title":"Asymmetric distribution of the C. elegans HAM\u20101 protein in neuroblasts enables daughter cells to adopt distinct fates","volume":"122","author":"Guenther C","year":"1996","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2148-4-24"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00425528"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.6805073"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9861(19960408)367:3<352::AID-CNE3>3.0.CO;2-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","volume-title":"WormBook","author":"Kiontke K","year":"2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ydbio.2004.01.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0896-6273(95)90242-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.13-12-05407.1993"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.293504"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_31_1","first-page":"1049","volume-title":"C. elegans II","author":"Rand JB","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.903160209"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(00)00815-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1006\/dbio.1996.0035"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.1994.Supplement.85","article-title":"The evolution of cell lineage in nematodes","author":"Sommer R","year":"1994","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_36_1","first-page":"511","article-title":"Morphological, genetic and molecular description of Pristionchus pacificus sp. n. 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