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To understand better the functions of Kv3.3 subunits in brain, we developed highly specific antibodies to Kv3.3 and analyzed immunoreactivity throughout mouse brain. We found that Kv3.3 subunits are widely expressed, present in important forebrain structures but particularly prominent in brainstem and cerebellum. In forebrain and midbrain, Kv3.3 expression was often found colocalized with parvalbumin and other Kv3 subunits in inhibitory neurons. In brainstem, Kv3.3 was strongly expressed in auditory and other sensory nuclei. In cerebellar cortex, Kv3.3 expression was found in Purkinje and granule cells. Kv3.3 proteins were observed in axons, terminals, somas, and, unlike other Kv3 proteins, also in distal dendrites, although precise subcellular localization depended on cell type. For example, hippocampal dentate granule cells expressed Kv3.3 subunits specifically in their mossy fiber axons, whereas Purkinje cells of the cerebellar cortex strongly expressed Kv3.3 subunits in axons, somas, and proximal and distal, but not second\u2010 and third\u2010order, dendrites. Expression in Purkinje cell dendrites was confirmed by immunoelectron microscopy. Kv3 channels have been demonstrated to rapidly repolarize action potentials and support high\u2010frequency firing in various neuronal populations. In this study, we identified additional populations and subcellular compartments that are likely to sustain high\u2010frequency firing because of the expression of Kv3.3 and other Kv3 subunits. J. Comp. Neurol. 502:953\u2013972, 2007. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21353","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,19]],"date-time":"2007-04-19T13:02:55Z","timestamp":1176987775000},"page":"953-972","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":91,"title":["Distribution of Kv3.3 potassium channel subunits in distinct neuronal populations of mouse brain"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"502","author":[{"given":"Su Ying","family":"Chang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Edward","family":"Zagha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elaine S.","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Ozaita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marketta","family":"Bobik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maryann E.","family":"Martone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark H.","family":"Ellisman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathaniel","family":"Heintz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bernardo","family":"Rudy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,4,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_6_2_1","first-page":"137","article-title":"Voltage\u2010dependent currents of vertebrate neurons and their role in membrane excitability","volume":"44","author":"Adams PR","year":"1986","journal-title":"Adv Neurol"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0959-4388(91)90017-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0896-6273(01)00294-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2004.07.088"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuron.2005.01.048"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1460-9568.2004.03730.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2005.10.102"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0306-4522(90)90091-H"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.19-21-09332.1999"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1999.tb11293.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.3672-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.23-11-04509.2003"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tins.2004.02.012"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-02-00506.1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1152\/jn.1999.82.5.2476"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.21-17-06657.2001"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1601-183x.2003.00054.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_19_1","volume-title":"The mouse brain in stereotaxic coordinates","author":"Franklin K","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1098-1063(1996)6:4<347::AID-HIPO1>3.0.CO;2-I"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.16-03-01049.1996","article-title":"Fluctuations in relative levels of choline acetyltransferase mRNA in different regions of the rat basal forebrain across the estrous cycle: effects of estrogen and progesterone","volume":"16","author":"Gibbs RB","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/47035"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.0722-05.2005"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1523\/JNEUROSCI.14-02-00511.1994","article-title":"Kv3.3b: a novel Shaw type potassium channel expressed in terminally differentiated cerebellar Purkinje cells and deep cerebellar nuclei","volume":"14","author":"Goldman\u2010Wohl DS","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Neurosci"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.57.4.12"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5955(99)00187-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.57.4.10"},{"key":"e_1_2_6_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)43460-0","article-title":"The sodium channel from rat brain. 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