{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T12:50:20Z","timestamp":1758631820139},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,12]],"date-time":"2007-12-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1197417600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,2,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>By using NADPH\u2010diaphorase (NADPH\u2010d) histochemistry, nitric oxide synthase (NOS) immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and NO pharmacology, we investigated the distribution and possible function of NOS\u2010containing neurons in different units of the alimentary tract of the snail, <jats:italic>Helix pomatia<\/jats:italic>. Discrete populations of neurons in the buccal ganglia displayed NADPH\u2010d reactivity. NADPH\u2010d\u2010reactive and NOS\u2010immunoreactive (NOS\u2010IR) neurons were present in the caecum, and labeled fibers were found to innervate the circular muscles of the proesophagus and caecum and to form axosomatic connections with neurons of the myenteric and submucosal plexi of the caecum. A 65\u2010kDa protein was found to be nNOS\u2010IR in the caecum protein extract. The majority of the NADPH\u2010d\u2010reactive neurons also displayed FMRFamide immunoreactivity, whereas a mutual innervation by NADPH\u2010diaphorase\u2010reactive and catch\u2010relaxing peptide (CARP)\u2010IR neurons was observed in the caecum. Application of NO\u2010donors [glyceryl trinitrate, S\u2010nitroso\u2010N\u2010acetyl\u2010DL\u2010penicillamine, sodium nitroprusside (SNP)] evoked a dose\u2010dependent increase in tension, frequency, and amplitude of the spontaneous muscle contractions of the proesophagus and caecum. Contractions could be blocked by applying the NO scavenger 2\u2010phenyl\u20104,4,5,5,\u2010tetramethylimidazoline\u20101\u2010oxyl\u20103\u2010oxide. FMRFamide evoked a response of the caecum similar to that with NO, and its simultaneous application was additive. Preincubation with CARP blocked the increase of tension evoked by SNP, whereas <jats:italic>Mytilus<\/jats:italic> inhibitory peptide (MIP) decreased the rhythmic contractions induced by the NO donor. Our findings indicate that NO is an important signal molecule in the feeding system of <jats:italic>Helix<\/jats:italic>, involved, partially in cooperation with different molluscan neuropeptides, in the regulation of both neuronal and muscular activities. J. Comp. Neurol. 506:801\u2013821, 2008. \u00a9 2007 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21585","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,12,12]],"date-time":"2007-12-12T19:47:54Z","timestamp":1197488874000},"page":"801-821","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Characterization of nitric oxidergic neurons in the alimentary tract of the snail <i>Helix pomatia<\/i> L.: Histochemical and physiological study"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"506","author":[{"given":"Zolt\u00e1n","family":"Serf\u00f6z\u00f6","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A. 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