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Cerebral ischemia leading to excitotoxicity is thought to be important in the pathogenesis of this disorder, implying a critical role for glutamate transporters, the major determinants of extracellular glutamate concentration. Previously, we found that EAAT2 expression is limited primarily to premyelinating oligodendrocytes early in development and is rarely observed in astrocytes until &gt;40 weeks. In this study, we analyzed the expression of EAAT2 in cerebral white matter from PVL and control cases. Western blot analysis suggested an up\u2010regulation of EAAT2 in PVL compared with control cases. Single\u2010 and double\u2010label immunocytochemistry showed a significantly higher percentage of EAAT2\u2010immunopositive astrocytes in PVL (51.8% \u00b1 5.6%) compared with control white matter (21.4% \u00b1 5.6%;<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.004). Macrophages in the necrotic foci in PVL also expressed EAAT2. Premyelinating oligodendrocytes in both PVL and control cases expressed EAAT2, without qualitative difference in expression. The previously unrecognized up\u2010regulation of EAAT2 in reactive astrocytes and its presence in macrophages in PVL reported here may reflect a response to either hypoxic\u2010ischemic injury or inflammation. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:238\u2013248, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21667","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,3]],"date-time":"2008-03-03T22:16:33Z","timestamp":1204582593000},"page":"238-248","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Glutamate transporter EAAT2 expression is up\u2010regulated in reactive astrocytes in human periventricular leukomalacia"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"508","author":[{"given":"Tara M.","family":"Desilva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Saraid S.","family":"Billiards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Natalia S.","family":"Borenstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felicia 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