{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T17:55:17Z","timestamp":1790186117755,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":76,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,31]],"date-time":"2008-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1206921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The interaction between the stress axis and endogenous opioid systems has gained substantial attention, because it is increasingly recognized that stress alters individual sensitivity to opiates. One site at which opiates and stress substrates may interact to have global effects on behavior is within the locus coeruleus (LC). We have previously described interactions of several opioid peptides [e.g., proopiomelanocortin, enkephalin (ENK)] with the stress\u2010related peptide corticotropin\u2010releasing factor (CRF) in the LC. To examine further the interactions among dynorphin (DYN), ENK, and CRF in the LC, sections were processed for detection of DYN and CRF or DYN and ENK in rat brain. DYN\u2010 and CRF\u2010containing axon terminals overlapped noradrenergic dendrites in this region. Dual immunoelectron microscopy showed coexistence of DYN and CRF; 35% of axon terminals containing DYN were also immunoreactive for CRF. In contrast, few axon terminals contained both DYN and ENK. A potential DYN\/CRF afferent is the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA). Dual in situ hybridization showed that, in CeA neurons, 31% of DYN mRNA\u2010positive cells colocalized with CRF mRNA, whereas 53% of CRF mRNA\u2010containing cells colocalized with DYN mRNA. Finally, to determine whether limbic DYN afferents target the LC, the CeA was electrolytically lesioned. Light\u2010level densitometry of DYN labeling in the LC showed a significant decrease in immunoreactivity on the side of the lesion. Taken together, these data indicate that DYN\u2010 and CRF\u2010labeled axon terminals, most likely arising from amygdalar sources, are positioned dually to affect LC function, whereas DYN and ENK function in parallel. J. Comp. Neurol. 508:663\u2013675, 2008. \u00a9 2008 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.21683","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,3,31]],"date-time":"2008-03-31T17:46:38Z","timestamp":1206985598000},"page":"663-675","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":71,"title":["Dynorphin and stress\u2010related peptides in rat locus coeruleus: Contribution of amygdalar efferents"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"508","author":[{"given":"B.A.S.","family":"Reyes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Drolet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"E.J.","family":"Van 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