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The genes analyzed include those encoding for: the transcription factors Islet1, Lhx6, Lhx7\/8, Nkx2.1, and Pax6; the signaling protein Sonic hedgehog; the LIM\u2010only genes Lmo3 and Lmo4; the cell adhesion molecule cadherin\u20108; markers of \u03b3\u2010aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic, cholinergic, or glutamatergic neurons; and markers of neuron subpopulations containing substance P, enkephalin, or neuropeptide Y. The combinatory expression patterns of these genes indicate that the chicken subpallium parcellates into eight molecularly different compartments during development (three striatal, three pallidal, and two preoptic subdivisions), and suggest that each compartment produces specific cell groups. Our data are particularly relevant for understanding the avian extended amygdala and suggest the existence of distinct central and medial extended amygdala complexes in the subpallium, as well as a pallial amygdalo\u2010hypothalamic cell corridor, which are comparable to homonymous complexes of mammals based on similar embryonic origin, molecular features, and some connectivity patterns. Our data also indicate that the dorsal and ventral parts of the chicken basal ganglia originate in different striatal and pallidal compartments, and suggest a massive migration of neurons from the pallidal compartment into the medial striatum, which may explain the existence of pallidal\u2010like cells within the medial striatum of birds. J. Comp. Neurol. 515:465\u2013501, 2009. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,4,3]],"date-time":"2009-04-03T16:30:57Z","timestamp":1238776257000},"page":"465-501","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":104,"title":["Subdivisions and derivatives of the chicken subpallium based on expression of LIM and other regulatory genes and markers of neuron subpopulations during 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