{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T22:26:30Z","timestamp":1759530390942},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,20]],"date-time":"2009-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1258675200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["J of Comparative Neurology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,15]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:p>Neurolathyrism is a motor neuron disease characterized by lower limb paraparesis. It is associated with ingestion of a plant excitotoxin, \u03b2\u2010N\u2010oxalyl\u2010L\u2010\u03b1\u03b2\u2010diaminopropionic acid (<jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010\u03b2\u2010ODAP), an agonist of \u03b1\u2010amino\u20103\u2010hydroxy\u20105\u2010methyl\u20104\u2010isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)\/kainate\u2010type glutamatergic receptors. Previously, a limited model of neurolathyrism was reported for the rat. To improve upon the model, we stressed rat pups by separation from their mothers, followed by the subcutaneous <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010\u03b2\u2010ODAP treatment, resulting in a 4.6\u2010fold higher incidence (14.0\u201315.6%) of the paraparesis compared with the prior study. The number and size of motor neurons in these rats were decreased only in the lumbar and sacral cord segments, at approximately 13\u201336 weeks after treatment. Only lumbar and sacral spinal cord tissue revealed pathological insults typical of physical and ischemic spinal cord injury in the surviving motor neurons. In addition, extensive but transient hemorrhage occurred in the ventral spinal cord parenchyma of the rat, and numerous TdT\u2010mediated dUTP\u2010biotin nick end\u2010labeling (TUNEL)\u2010positive cells were also observed. In parallel, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR)\u20102 (Flk\u20101) levels were significantly lowered in the lumbosacral spinal cord of the paraparetic rats compared with their controls, suggesting a failure of the VEGF system to protect neurons against <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010\u03b2\u2010ODAP toxicity. We propose, based on these data, a novel pathological process of motor neuron death induced by peripheral <jats:sc>L<\/jats:sc>\u2010\u03b2\u2010ODAP. For the first time, we present a model of the early molecular events that occur during chemically induced spinal cord injury, which can potentially be applied to other neurodegenerative disorders. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:928\u2013942, 2010. \u00a9 2009 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22257","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,11,20]],"date-time":"2009-11-20T21:23:35Z","timestamp":1258752215000},"page":"928-942","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Hind\u2010limb paraparesis in a rat model for neurolathyrism associated with apoptosis and an impaired vascular endothelial growth factor system in the spinal 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