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While <jats:italic>CNTNAP2<\/jats:italic> is broadly distributed in developing rodent brain, it shows a striking gradient of frontal cortical enrichment in developing human brain, consistent with a role in patterning circuits that subserve higher cognition and language. To test the hypothesis that <jats:italic>CNTNAP2<\/jats:italic> may be important for learned vocal communication in additional species, we employed in situ hybridization to characterize transcript distribution in the zebra finch, an experimentally tractable songbird for which the neural substrate of this behavior is well established. Consistent with an important role in learned vocalization, <jats:italic>Cntnap2<\/jats:italic> was enriched or diminished in key song control nuclei relative to adjacent brain tissue. Importantly, this punctuated expression was observed in males, but not females, in accord with the sexual dimorphism of neural circuitry and vocal learning in this species. Ongoing functional work will provide important insights into the relationship between <jats:italic>Cntnap2<\/jats:italic> and vocal communication in songbirds and thereby clarify mechanisms at play in disorders of human cognition and language. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:1995\u20132018, 2010. \u00a9 2010 Wiley\u2010Liss, Inc.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1002\/cne.22318","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,1,20]],"date-time":"2010-01-20T22:37:03Z","timestamp":1264027023000},"page":"1995-2018","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Language\u2010related <i>Cntnap2<\/i> gene is differentially expressed in sexually dimorphic song nuclei essential for vocal learning in songbirds"],"prefix":"10.1002","volume":"518","author":[{"given":"S. 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